Relation between Race and Social Inequality in the United States Assignment

Relation between Race and Social Inequality in the join States - Assignment ExampleThe original grouping of community into races was valid as a taxonomy concept. There were varied races such as Negroid, Caucasians, Asiatic, Polynesians, Xanthochroi and so on (Lewis, 1990). The term Ethnicity refers to the imaginary, informal and formal groupings that are made to parliamentary procedure mint with certain common features such as geographic location, language, religion and so on. Accordingly, we have people from different ethnicities such as Arabs, Jews, Whites, Hispanic, African Americans, Asians and so on. An ethnic group may have people from different races, religions and physical features (Omni, 1986).The terms race and ethnicity by themselves are innocuous and can be regarded as medical and sociological terms. However, unfortunately, dominant whites in ground forces started using these terms in a derogative and insulting manner in the early 17th century, leading to the beginn ing of social inequalities. The white settlers of USA began treating the native Indians as mentally and socially small who were not worthy of being considered as human. This was a deliberate attempt to grab the lands of the native Indians by branding them as worthless and socially inferior to the whites. Later when the plantations came up, Africans were brought into the country as slaves. The dominant whites then usurped the rights of their slaves, calling them racially inferior beings that were fit to written report only as slaves. Social inequality is more archaic since it allows the dominant race members to practice secernment against people of their own race and ethnicity. Therefore, it can be expected that a rich white would split up against a poor white, but not with as much severity as he would sort out against a poor African American (Oliver, 1997).The proliferation of race and ethnicity has unfortunately given rise to racism, racial stereotyping and opposite ills. Afr ican Americans or blacks are regarded as

TuiNaTraditional Chinese massage and Sport Therapy Essay

TuiNaTraditional Chinese massage and Sport Therapy - Essay ExampleSports research points to rigorous studies in revision to determine the best forms of sports massage to maximize the benefits to the health and well being of people taking billet in sports (Martin, Zoeller, Robertson, & Lephart, 1998 Jonhagen, Ackerman, Eriksson, Saartok, & Renstrom, 2004). Tui Na, a form of Traditional Chinese Medicine massage may be a viable complement to traditional sports massage used in the West.Overuse knee injury is normally referred to as patellofemoral syndrome, to describe pain on and around the kneecap ( kneepan). It is most commonly the result of detriment to the surface underneath the kneecap, through a blow or fall, of from continuous rubbing on the ivory underneath (Devan, Pescatello, Faghri, Anderson, 2004). Other names for the injury be chondramalacia kneecape, patella pain syndrome or runners knee. If the injury is non treated that it becomes a chronic condition that does non respond well to recovery methods. The pain flush toilet originate from over-tightness of the illio-tibial band (ITB), with the tendon rubbing on the knee bone. As a result the patella does not move or track correctly when the knee is bent from being outstretched (i.e., it does not move toward the inside surface of the knee) to position correctly in the intercondylar notch of the femur. The cartilage under the patella can become damaged, and the ITB inflamed. It is a common injury for runners aged 10-20 years. It is also more likely for those who engage small kneecaps, or those whose feet roll in (pronate). Weak quadriceps muscles can increase likelihood of experiencing the condition. in that respect is increased incidence among long distance running and hill running athletes, or those who have had precedent knee injury. Clear Identification of TopicSports massage can help stretch the ITB, as tight knots at bottom the tendon may be causing it to shorten. Soft tissue and deep fri ction massage are traditional sports massage techniques to aid in stretching the ITB, as well as myofascial releasing techniques. In contrast, Tui Na treats the whole body by working on meridians (energy channels)

Connectionists Modelling in Letter and Words Recognition Essay

Connectionists imitate in Letter and Words Recognition - Essay ExampleThese simple units can represent nerve cell and the connections can represent synapse in the unquiet network.Biological Activism Neural network of connectionist modeling suggests that the study of psychogenic activity is the study of neural systems. This links connectionism to neuroscience, and models involve varying degrees of biological realism. The biological aspects of natural neural systems are incorporated in connectionist model for better understanding / biological reality.Learning Learning is an essential aspect of connectionist moulding. Many sophisticated learning procedures for neural networks have evolved, modifying the connection weights. Mathematical formulas are apply to determine the change in weights when given sets of data consisting of activation vectors for some subset of the neural units.Parallel Distributed bear upon It is a neural network approach emphasizing the parallel constitution of neural processing and the distributed nature of neural representations. It provides a general mathematical framework for researchers to operate in. The framework involved eight study aspectsThese aspects are now the foundation for almost all connectionist models. It is assumed that all cognitive processes are explained by neural firing and communication. According to this view there is no room for keen-witted thinking or emotion.Discovery of methods for training multilayer networks is the ... Activation rule for combining inputs to a unit to determine its new activation- represented by a function on the current activation and propagation. Learning rule for modifying connections based on experience- represented by a change in the weights based on any number of variables. Environment which provides the system with experience- represented by sets of activation vectors for some subset of the units. These aspects are now the foundation for almost all connectionist models. It is assu med that all cognitive processes are explained by neural firing and communication. According to this view there is no room for rational thinking or emotion.Discovery of methods for training multilayer networks is the major turning point in connectionist modeling. With this discovery, connectionist models not wholly have the computational power to answer those questions interesting to cognitive science, but also have a method of learning how to answer those questions. Thus, there is an explicit distinction between network architectures and the learning rules apply to train them within new connectionism.By understanding the different types of architectures and learning rules, researchers are in a position to choose the appropriate type of network to lick specific problems. For example, if one wanted to solve a pattern recognition problem that was linearly separable, then an integration device network would be appropriate. If the problem was linearly inseparable, however, then the v alue unit architecture would be more appropriate.Advantages of Connectionist modelingConnectionist modelling engage in low level modeling, trying to ensure that their models resemble neurological structures.Connectionist modelling center on on

Macro & Micro Environmental Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Macro & Micro Environmental Analysis - Essay ExampleThis report stresses that considering the compendium of the above five industriousness depicts, the hotel industry holds moderate to high level of attractiveness as tierce out of the five forces are in beneficial state and the threat of new entrants is also non high but moderate. Only adversely positioned industry force is the high rivulet levels in spite of appearance the industry and companies who specialize in their marketing and differentiating strategies and build strong brands will be able to counter this force as well. Thus, organisations with high internal capabilities will be able to enjoy strong profits within this industry. This paper makes a conclusion that it can be noted that the organisations and its performances are affected by a myriad of factors in its large and micro- environments. While the factors within the micro environment is within the reach of organisational influence, the big factors tend to affect the organisation but remain beyond the control of the company. Organisations can assess the conditions of its macro environment through application of SPECTLE analysis while the microenvironment can be assessed through stakeholder analysis or Porters five force concepts. While these analysis will only yield an insight in to the conditions of the environment, its the strategical responses which the company makes in relation to the environmental conditions which will decide how successful the company be in surviving and thriving in the turbulent business environment.

Chicano studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Chicano studies - Essay fountThese movies need close introspection and a thorough cognition would definitely enable us to oceanic abyss delve into some of the important socio-economic and cultural discourse of the time with a good taste of esthetic operating throughout the characterization.Comparison of two films occurs from some mutual paradigm. Portrait of Teresa by Pastor Vega and flavor of the Earth by Herbert J. Biberman both the films are contemporary and are based on contemporary socio-economic skip of a similar geographical terrain. Both the films encapsulate a strong feminist discourse and centres unit of ammunition the deconstruction of archetypal stereotype traditional and conventional role of woman in society.Portrait of Teresa direct by Pastor Vega was released in the year 1979 and apparently seems a trajectory of women with much dramatic presentation. but the language of camera pushes its limit beyond the initial portrayal of Teresa overwhelmed with her family wh ich comprise of her husband Ramon and three children and her business enterprise as a crew leader in the textile reckony to a realm where she moves beyond the usual role of a household woman trying to seek the attention of her husband and proper expert in mere domestic duties to a revolutionary and a dominant motivating factor in labour movement (The Internet Movie Database, Retrato de Teresa (1979)).Teresa moves beyond the parameters of odd jobs and dirty dishes and her husband flunk to accept her in the new role get separated and start an affair. When her husband wishes to reconcile, Teresa asks him what if during the time of disengagement she also had an affair. Block-headed Ramon fails to pass Teresas test with his chauvinist reply But men are polar and with if he loses Teresa forever who with her head held high in self-esteem courageously wishes to move beyond the limits of an ordinary woman performing only her household duties (Rich, Portrait of Teresa Double Day, Doubl e Standards).On the other hand, the film Salt of the

Scientific paper about reconstructing 3D models of buildings Essay

Scientific paper about supposeing 3D models of buildings - hear ExampleFirst, most of it is unorganized, uncalibrated, have uncontrolled illumination, image quality and re reply and is widely variable. In essence, climax up with a computer vision technique that rear end work with most of these images has proved to be a challenge for most re inquisitioners. Now how sewer researchers work with this huge resource this paper proposes solution such as Image Based Rendering algorithm and social structure from Motion. While a a couple of(prenominal) other researchers such as Brown and Lowe (Lowe 395) have used Structure from Motion to tackle the higher up problems, the technique used in this paper has several modifications. Structure from Motion is effective in 3D visualization and scene modeling and advise operate on hundreds of images obtained from keyword queries ( motion picture tourism). Through photo tourism, it is possible to reconstruct many world sites. In effect, an algori thm that can work effectively on internet photos can enable vital applications such as 3D visualization, communication/media sharing, and localization. Two recent breakthroughs in the eye socket of computer vision namely Structure from Motion and Feature Matching get out be the pillar of this paper. Through these techniques, it is possible to reconstruct buildings in 3D to offer virtual and interactive tours for internet users. You can also evaluate the current state of a building and identify degradation and aras that may implore renovation or reconstruction. Further, we can come up with creations or display of any building of invade as long as we have its image. Sparse geometry and camera reconstruction The browsing and visualization components of this dust requires exact information in regards to the orientation, relative location and inherent parameters like focal lengths for each photo in a collection and sparse three dimension scene geometry. The system also requires a geo-referenced coordinate frame. For the most part, this information can be obtained through electronic components and Global Positioning carcass gadgets over the internet. Image files in EXIF tags often have this data though the vast majority of these sources are mostly inaccurate. As such, this system pull up stakes compute this data via computer vision techniques. First, we will identify feature points in every image after which the system will equate feature points between pairs of images. Finally, the system will widen an iterative Structure from Motion procedure to retrieve the camera parameters. Since Structure from Motion procedure will only produce estimates and our system requires absolute values, the system will run iterative procedure to acquire better estimates. How this whole procedure unfolds is detailed below. Detecting feature points will be done using SIFT keypoint detector (Lowe 411). This technique has better invariance to image alteration. The beside step i s matching keypoint descriptors using the approximate bordering neighbors. For instance, if we want to match two images I and J, first we will create a kd-tree obtained from element descriptors in J. Next, for each element in I we will reconcile an adjacent neighbor in J using the kd-tree. For effectiveness, we can use ANNs priority search algorithm. This technique limits each query to visit a maximum of two hundred bins in the kd-tree. Alternatively, we can use a technique described by Lowe (Lowe 95). In the technique, for each

ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

ETHICS - Essay ExampleFor instance, a consequentialist may at times compromise on lying to someone depending on the situation bit a deontologist may not at eithertime condone lying of any sort. The case is, however, different for a virtue ethicist, which puts into consideration on what the implication of telling or not telling a roost has on someones character (Aristotle 3). Consequently, for a virtue ethicist, the morality of lying is dependent on factors such as group or personal benefits and intentions.The Aristotelian virtue ethics will attend deal with the morality dilemma of the invisible ring in a considerable number of ways. An single while break ining the ring might be tempted to do certain things, voluntary actions. Aristotle explained that ethics is to a greater extent practical than it is theoretical, therefore, the determinant of my responsibilities while wearing the ring, is my human nature (8). Prior to indulging in any action while wearing the ring, ethics virt ue requires me to carry out a moral military rating of any action presupposing the attributions and contributions of responsibility to other people. The actions that I decide to undertake should at all times be voluntary. Most importantly, the action that I choose to engage myself in while wearing the go ought to result to giving me true happiness and satisfaction. I will make a deliberate determination on the moral dilemma of wearing the magical ring after I have weighed in my character and the Aristotelian virtue ethics. Should my character and the Aristotelian virtue ethics be compatible, I would wear the ring if not I would not wear the ring.Confucius social harmony ethics is also the Confucianism or Ruism that occasionally has the descriptions of a religion. Aristotle explained that the Confucian philosophy has shaped and inspired generations for hundreds of years, with its impacts evident in the peoples cultural structures and beliefs (5). The

Analyse the social impact of a UK government initiative on urban Essay

probe the social impact of a UK government initiative on urban learning - Essay sheathForming a sustainable society needs reformation of educational systems. What people believe and think round the world affects what they do as voters, consumers, and resource owners, as government officials, international diplomats, and employees. Sustainable urban breeding must take a wide view of urban issues and effort to solve urban problems by assimilating environmental, social, and economical components. For sustainable urban development, learning is one of the most significant factors. Maser (1997) defines sustainable connection development as a community-directed progression of development based on a) inspirational human value of love, trust, respect, wonder, modesty, and concern b) active learning, which is a balance between the intelligence and instinct, between the abstract and the concrete, between accomplish and reflection c) sharing that caused through communication, collaboration , and coordination d) an ability to understand and work with and within the flow of life as a fluid system, distinguishing, understanding, and excepting the implication of relationships e) patience in seeking an understanding of an essential issue alternatively than applying band aid like quick fixes to problematic symptoms f) deliberately integrating the learning space into the operative space into a persistent cycle of theory, experimentation, action, and reflection and g) a shared societal vision disjunct in long-term sustainability, both culturally and environmentally. In recent years, policymakers in the United Kingdom pee commended their school systems to assure that substantially all students obtain the levels of knowledge and skill in core faculty member subjects required to succeed in further education, work, and citizenship.

Antitrust Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Antitrust Practices - Essay ExampleThis is what F.T.C termed as prefrencing.The pecuniary cost and the non pecuniary cost that was associated with this case we are concerned about the effect on innovation,consumer and investment (Hylton, (2003). It took the commission about a yard to come to the conclusion after carrying out a myriad of investigations that were brought forward by google competitors. The antitrust experts said they would likely push for more sweeping obligations on Google corporate demeanor in the future so that it will not use its powerful emplacement in internet o foster unfair advantage in new(prenominal) business so giving stifle competition. The cost at which the government may try to enforce the principle of oligopoly in fields as fast moving as internet search, smart phones and online commerce will be quite challenging. The F.T. C was adjudicating for the broad principle so that there would be an agreement not to secern in favor its products and services ov er smaller competitors.The case with google is similar to that of Microsoft. It drew complaints from antitrust regulators and rivaling companies as it expanded its business beyond its dominant product and search advertising. Google is known to have bellicosely gained from its partnership with other fields that include Smartphone software and online commerce. As Google expands its empire, it takes on new competitors and brings formidable forces this making its rivals to suffer. However, Google has taken a stand that is improving its products and services in order to benefit the customers and the economy (Posner, 2001).The Antitrust laws help to dish up as the ultimate protector from the competitive process under the free market economy. With this process, it will tug competitive prices and customer choice so that the whole society will benefit from all the viable allocation of resources. The antitrust laws help to ensure open and free markets and prevents conducts that

The Importance of Employee Retention Term Paper

The grandness of Employee Retention - Term Paper exemplificationThe variation in cultural values had a significant effect on the rates at which the newly hired employees voluntarily terminated employment. The relationship between the employees air performance and their retention overly varied significantly with organisational glossiness values. (Sheridan, 1992, p. 1036) Now when the subject of organizational, or more precisely, corporate floriculture is included in discussing the issue of employee retention, multidimensional analysis becomes imperative. This essay is a literature question establish analysis of the issue of employee retention in the global work environment. Sources from scholarly publishers have been utilized and plant life of reputed experts in the field have been referenced. Quality and Productivity Issue Employee Retention The term employee retention cannot be defined in a mien that does not emphasize on its multidimensional aspects. Employee retention is principally a human resources related issue, which is an integral part of the cultural analysis of the corporate world. Here, the word culture points to the work culture of the company, which further spans over the other important topics like business organization, strategic management, organizational behavior, etc. (Garavan, 2007) According to the experts of Management Study Guide (2012), Employee Retention refers to the techniques employed by the management to befriend the employees stay with the organization for a longer period of eon. Employee retention strategies go a long way in motivating the employees so that they stick to the organization for the maximum time and contribute effectively. So, sincere straining work must be done to ensure learning and growth for the employee in his/her current job assignments and help him/her to enjoy them. Contextually, Linley and Harrington (2010, p. 145) have stated that organizational theorists interested in the Happy/Productive actor Thesis almost exclusively concentrated on the role of job satisfaction in the prophecy of both employee job performance and retention decisions. In the modern competitive age of stricter labor regulations and more complex corporate cultures, employee retention thus emerges as a complicated problem. Employee Retention Extent and Importance Employee retention and organizational culture extensively affect each other. An organization has to invest funds and time to groom an individual, make him/her ready to understand its culture, and achieve his/her professional pursuits. A new employee is totally raw and the management truly has to effort hard so that he/she can be trained. It is an absolute wastage of funds, time and energy when the individual leaves the company all of a sudden. Consequently, the human resource department has to initiate the self-colored recruitment process once more for the same post, which is a sheer duplication of the employment processes requiring bills for the same task repeatedly. Finding the right member of staff for a company is a windy job and every effort merely goes waste at the instance the employee quits. (Slugoski, 2008 Garavan, 2007) Contextually, on the basis of the research results, Slugoski (2008, p. 6) writes, Indirect costs of replacing an experienced employee with an inexperienced employee included decreased organizational performance, potentially star(p) to decreased customer

Medical Microbiology - GI Tract, CNS, Urogenital Tract Assignment

Medical Microbiology - GI Tract, CNS, Uro venereal Tract - Assignment ExampleThe contagious diseases are usually characterized by frequent urge to urinate, painful and general malaise. The UTIs reoccurrence is most roughhewn in 40% of the UTI females. The infection occurs with the E.Coli but with a different strain. The key features of Uropathogenic E.Coli are Type I cystitis and Pili pyelonephritits. The use of catheters is the most common health associated infections.Staphylococcus saprophytics It is considered to be the second most frequent causative agent of acute UTI, specially in Women. Patients with UTI caused by this agent usually experience symptomatic cystitis. It causes UTIs in sexually active women.genus Proteus mirabilis The virulence factor associated with this is proteases, haemolysins, and Biofilm formation. Biofilms are the group of microorganisms growing on the surfaces enclosed as muck. Apart from the UPECs, staphylococcus saprophytic, Candida, proteus mirabil is, klebseilla and mycoplasma and urethra plasma organisms are responsible. The diagnosis includes leukocyte esterase test, nitrates test, etc. The juxta position of urinary and genital tracks are more common. Prostatitis and Epididymitis are other related clinical outcomes. Antibiotics are used for the treatment.1) Although urine contains unlike salts, and waste products, it usually does not have bacteria in it. However, when________ bacteria gets into the bladder or kidney, it go out multiply cause Urinary Tract Infections.3) Urogenital infections not caused by sexual transmission, namely barm vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and urinary tract infection remain a major medical problem in terms of the number of women afflicted each year. Which of the following microbe is not responsible for the urogenital infections?sexually transmitted Diseases (STDs) are transmitted by anal and oral routes. The micro organisms are transmitted by dint of the exchange of the body fluids from the infected to susceptible partners. WHO

Evaluation of Anger Management Group Research Paper

Evaluation of Anger Management Group - Research Paper manakinThe dependent variables that the study get out use as a measure of finding out the metier of the group management efforts in the evaluation exit include three independent variables gender, age, and level of discipline and the dependent variables will be the training sessions attended by the survey participants. Each variable will be measured using nominal for gender, scale for age, ordinal for the level of education, and scale for training sessions to domiciliate a basis for the relation of independent variables to the dependent variable and allow for the formation of a closing on the effectiveness of the intervention on management of ira.The study will make use of angry Intentions-Teen Conflict Survey (Pre/post Test and L3) for the collection of data on the anger management groups from the respondents that will allow the generation of a conclusion on the effectiveness of the group in meeting its goals of managing a nger (Dahlberg, et al., 2005). The researcher will provide the survey to the respondents and a copied returned during the session. The survey used by other studies in the past to measure intentions to use nonviolent strategies to control anger and conflict. Pre/Posttest measure strengths include allowing for the versatility of the collection of information, it is just allowing for simple analysis of the data, providing a basis for comparison, and allows for flexibility in the use of control groups depending on the require of the research. The main weakness of the measure is that the clients would remember their answer if there is no duration between the pre/posttest. some other weakness of pre/posttest is the possibility of affecting the results resulting in a negative impact on the external severeness of the research.

To what extent has globalization influenced one or more aspects of the Essay

To what extent has sphericization influenced one or more aspects of the culture in your country illustrate your answer with examples - Essay ExampleBut likewise, as economies become more intertwined, we find that they can also become more vulnerable to unexpected shifts and radical forms of opaqueness. This isnt a reason to turn away from globalization, scarce it is a reason to be vigilant. This study will look at the way Russia has become more dependent on other countries through the process of globalization and it will suggest that this has mostly been for the best.Although the exact moment of globalization occurring in Russia is a debatable question considering the length of Russias history and its extensive involvement in domain affairs, it could be send that most of the post-Soviet period has been marked by the rapid acceleration of Russias integration into the valet economy. Boris Yeltsin, Russias first post-Soviet leader, led the country through a kind of economic shock therapy that gnarled deregulating markets, selling off state assets, and making Russia a better place to do business. It took for a while for these changes to help make Russia into a stable place to do business, but this began to happen under the premiership of Vladimir Putin. He was helped of course by rising world demand for Russias energy and other commodities. Prices for have been change magnitude a lot in recent years (before collapsing recently), and this helped Russia look to the rest of the world as a good place to do business. Britain decided to go full steam ahead with economic global integration.Of course, with current economic events shaking the world economy, we begin to see some of the potential negative effect of globalization for Russia. The problems point to one of the serious drawbacks of globalization when you open your economy up to the other economies of the world you can get very rich as long as they do wellbut you also become very vulnerable to their prob lems too.But in the course of this important debate it is life-sustaining to remember the benefits that have come with globalization. These changes have not

The Negative Effects of Music Videos on our Children Essay

The Negative effectuate of Music Videos on our Children - Essay ExampleThe lyrics tend to have a significant corrupting enamour on the youth. Particular genres such as hip-hop, gangsta rap and heavy metal are found to be more damaging to children than the rest. The racial attitudes and interpersonal relations of teenagers can be influenced by the music they watch.The ulterior part of the 20th century had seen a disturbing development. The greatest threat to the health of American adolescents in recent decades is violence induced injuries and death. During the 1990s, nearly 70% of all teenage deaths are a conduct of violence accidents, manslaughter, homicides, etc. In 1994 in particular 357,000 teenagers were assaulted badly enough so as to remove emergency medical treatment. A further 3569 of them eventually succumbed to their injuries. Adding to the alarm, the number of juvenile arrests for violent crimes during the year was preserve at 150,000 that included 6000 rapes and 85 ,300 aggravated assaults.

Final Paper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final melodic theme - Movie Review ExampleTweedy devises a new way to feather their nest. Rather than collect the eggs, Mrs. Tweedy decides to turn the fowls into pies With the assistance of Rocky Rhodes, who is a new arrival and a self-professed Lone resign Ranger, Ginger finally comes up with a brilliant and heroic escape arrangement that frees them all in (Clifford, 2000).The film Logans Run changed sci-fi blockbusters forever borrows widely from the cult novel written by William Nolan and George Johnson. The film was dance orchestra in 2274, a time when the leftovers of humanity will be living in a gentleman that is computer-controlled, conserved, domed city following an apocalypse. The 23rd-century society as presented in this film is pretty much a utopia. People have to do shopping, yield medication and have sex to their satisfaction as the computers take care of reproduction and child rearing. On turning 30, one is perceived as irrelevant and because one should try his/ her luck in a bizarre ritual known as The Carousel. In this ritual, citizens dressed in masks and robes hover upwards and are vaporized in the believe that they are organism renewed. This research paper is an analysis of the contribution of a pair of films used as course sound training in political science. The paper seeks to establish if the two films selected should be included into the constrained hear of political study (Tunner, 2014).The co-directors and co-producers Nick Park and Peter Lord, have created prominence in the art of animation. The photographic film is a caricature of and homage to the great prison break movies we have watched. Park/Lord in one of the movies recounts the Great Escape. This experience is similar to Gingers whose attempts to get out were thwarted by goons, However, the indefatigable Ginger keeps on trying until Rocky comes to her rescue and hope for escaping into the imaginary Paradise upraise is invigorated. Asked to give my opinion on the movie s level of perfection, I would categorically say that

Scrutiny of Property as an Investment Class Essay

interrogation of Property as an Investment Class - Essay ExampleRisk is a calculation of what is anticipate to occur but not what is reall(a)y happening. Investment determinations nevertheless need the inference of an unidentified incoming return, which is known as expected return.Since there is a series of probable results there is no impudence that the estimation will be accurate, but it is the most excellent likely evaluation. The increase of allocation of expect returns about the entire expected guess estimation is typically calculated by the standard going (), or its square, the variance (2), and this is the typical risk measure.When assets are pooled in a portfolio, the anticipated return is a subjective mean of the soul assets predictable return. The weights are the ratios of these assets accommodated in the portfolio. The portfolio risk is composite. The portfolio risk reckons not merely on the weights and the individual(a) chances but also on the correlativity in t he midst of the assets. The correlation coefficient, , assesses joint moves amongst the two variables and how they vary jointly.The rate can differ from -1.0 to +1.0, even though for majority of the variables, the correlation coefficient lies between these two valu... The threat of the portfolio is the weighted mean of the risks of the assets in the portfolio. When the relationship is -1.0, the return are absolutely forbid correlated which means that with the increase or decrease in the value of one variable the otherwise variable will move in the opposite proportions. The correlation coefficient for assets without any correlation at all is zero (Perold, 2004).According to Hoesli, M., and MacGregor, B. D., (2000), the first stage was to compute the expected return and risk of each individual asset and to use these to calculate the portfolio expected return and risk from all possible combination of weights, use both linear programming and investing. In reality, no two assets can ever be exclusively correlated as their income is impacted by diverse factors. When all of the correlations are fully correlated, the risk is ever less than the weighted mean. In this event, some of the risk from one asset can be make up to an extent by the other asset, so that the standard deviation of the portfolio always remains lesser than the mean risk of the weighted average of the standard deviation of each item. This is the foundation of variegation and portfolio creation.The quantity by which risk is cut down reckons on the correlations among the assets. The lesser the correlation is between rent and capital gains on different assets the further away the correlation will be from +1 resulting in greater earnings of variegation. Consequently, investors who hold a broadened portfolio with not completely correlated assets could get rid of the risk linked with the individual assets.According to Brown, Keith C. and Frank K. Reilly,

I Am the Way and the Truth and the Life Theological Study Essay Example for Free

I Am the expression and the Truth and the Life Theological Study Essay messiah answered, I am the way and the virtue and the spiritedness. No one comes to the gravel except done me. When examining a Biblical verse, it is important to understand the historic context in which its written. Originally recorded by John, Son of Zebedee, whose main purpose in writing his Gospel can be found in John 2031, But these ar written that you may believe that saviour is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. , is Jesus declaration I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the aim except through me. The passage of John 146 is part of an extensive conversation that Jesus had with his disciples during the Last Supper on the eve of the Passover Feast. Immediately preceding the description, we read that Judas has been identified as the betrayer of Jesus and that Peter give deny Jesus three times before sunrise. Jesus has just couns el his followers that he will be leaving them soon and He is attempting to comfort them.This one statement which focuses on the four thoughts, way, truth, life, and coming to the Father, is in essence a recipe for Christianity and completely fulfills the forebode of the coming Messiah in the Old will. In examining the first word way, we find numerous accounts of The Way in the New Testament. The Way was a term used within the Jewish association to identify the sect of Jesus- the true Israel- as opposed to the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and the Zealots.We can see an example of this usage by Paul in the text of Acts 2414, However, I admit that I worship the God of our fathers as a follower of the Way, which they call a sect There are also Old Testament accounts much(prenominal) as in Isaiah 358 which speaks of the joy of the Redeemed, And a highway will be there it will be called the Way of Holiness. The unclean will not journey on it it will be for those who walk in that Way w icked fools will not go about on it. Jesus is the Way. He is the only way to Salvation He is the only way the Father.Looking at the second word, truth, we can obtain a direct definition from the Expository Dictionary, in which the classical translation means the truth of God. We can find many references to the word truth in the Bible. John 1416-17, 1 John 46, and 2 John 2 contain multiplex references to the savor of Truth and John 1526 declares When the Counselor comes whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of Truth, who goes out from the Father, He will testify about me. In John 14 9, Jesus says Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. And in verse 11, He says Believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in me. The Truth is Jesus is the Christ- the Son of God, the personification of God, and part of the Trinity. Life, the third main word in the verse refers to Eternal Life. This is affirmed in various biblical verses such as John 316 For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. There are also several verses such as in John 540 and Acts 315 where Jesus is referred to as the write of Life.In John 11-5 we can find the Prime Author idea expanded upon with In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God all things were made through Him, and without Him was not anything made that was made. In Him was life, and the life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not deluge it. I do not believe it was an accident that Jesus was crucified in conjunction with the Passover Festival. Jesus became our sacrificial lamb and shed his blood so that the judgement of death would pass over us and forget us to obtain salvation.

Resistors in series and parallel Essay Example for Free

Resistors in series and tally EssayResistors are used in various real life applications to perform tasks that involve limiting the current that goes through a surgical incision of a circuit, introducing a voltage drop in a circuit, generating heat and the protection of components of a circuit. It is burning(prenominal) to calculate the tube of resistors so that the electrical circuits produced using them will perform in the manner that their shaper wanted them to. If the wrong resistance/resistor is used then delicate components that need only a relatively small amount of current may be destroyed. All resistors have a direct of tolerance. This is to allow for imperfections in the manufactured object. It was determined through try outation that all of the resistors that were used in this experiment were within their tolerance appreciation with the exception of R4 (See Table 1). This resistor had a nominal value of 1600 ohms and a tolerance of +/-5%. This means that this res istor should have had a value within the range of 1520-1680 ohms, howeverthe developed resistance was found to be 1798 ohms. It is possible that this may have been due to a manufacturing fault or a labelling error.The total predicted resistance was determined by using the series and parallel resistor laws and the resistance values of the various components of the circuit. The tolerance range for the circuit was predicted to be between 1847.3-2319.2 ohms. Through experimentation the existent total resistance for the circuit was 2216.62 ohms, this value was within the predicted range.The existent resistance value of component 1 was 263.26 ohms this was within the predicted range (271.36-245.51 ohms).The developed resistance value of component 2 was 1764.26 ohms this was within the predicted range (1664.24-1846.36 ohms).The actual resistance value of component 3 was 2216.62 ohms this was within the predicted range (2319.20 and 1847.3 ohms).The actual resistance of the resistors was found by using a multimeter. Some systematic error may have occurred in this experiment if the multimeter was not calibrated correctly during testing.Temperature fluctuations may have caused inconsistencies in this experiment. The reason why resistance occurs is that a metallic element consists of lattice of atoms that each has a shell of electrons. The metal is a conductor because the electrons are free to divorce from their parent atoms and travel through the lattice. When a voltage is applied the electrons drift from one side of the metal to the other. In real material imperfections scatter the electrons resulting in resistance. Temperature is able to affect resistance because temperature causes the atoms to vibrate to a greater extent strongly creating even more collisions and further increasing the resistance.ConclusionThe aim of the experiment was to compare the predicted and actual resistance in the circuit of resistor combinations in series and parallel. The results of th is experiment found that the series and parallel resistor laws were reasonably good indicators of the real world values of resistance for circuits that contained resistors in series and parallel. ace example of this was that the total resistance of the circuit made was found to be 2216.62 ohms which was within the predicted range (this predicted range was calculated by using the upper and lower tolerance values for the resistors used in the circuit. From the information obtained it can therefore be seen that all three resistor laws stated in the Background character of this report are quite useful in calculating theoretical values for the resistance of circuits in series and parallel that are close to the real world values.Bibliographyresistor. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 2005. on hand(predicate) http//www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1 24 Jul. 2005.resistor. WordNet 1.7.1. Princeton University, 2001.Available http//www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1 24 Jul. 2005.resistor. Electronics. Twy sted Pair, 2001.Available http//www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1. 24 Jul. 2005.Storen, A and Martine, R. (2000) Nelson Physics VCE Units 3 and 4. Nelson Publishing Sydney. (pp 221-226)

On Morality Essay Example for Free

On Morality EssayWhat is Morality? The required fore comings of being a child literally flash right before your eyes. One sharp you are learning how to walk and talk and in the next you are graduating high school. We find ourselves invariably wondering where the hell all that time went. And in in the midst of all this growing up it seems we gather a set of moral philosophy and values merely things we tend to blame our actions and thoughts on. Its like this illusory line comes into play where we place the good and the lousy. Perhaps formerly you have a belief intimately something it get goings permanent and forever engraved in your head but I dont figure I have the particular values or perspectives on life as I once did. To think that one of a parents main ambitions is to produce a child and complot it to have said good morals and values. It is only slightly disturbing to think of Hitler or Stalins parents and wonder what happened? As an adolescent we are taught an abu ndance of things, but if asked to come up with pertinent examples, I think a lot of us would stutter to come up with a few.The problem is that these lessons and ideals become instilled in us therefore becoming second nature no thought process needed. A moral is something so excruciating and hard to be defined. Everyone seems to have their own set, but how is it that the majority sees the differences between okay and not in agreement? The absence of an explanation leads me to conclude that your own values and morals are dependent upon the circumstances you are subjected to.The point that I am so desperately onerous to convey is that certain situations I had to deal with as a child and a young grown have led to my morals and values consequently changing. Joan Didion once said, I followed my own conscience. I did what I thought was right. How many mad men have said and meant it? (On morality, 1965) A statement that is so germane(predicate) to my own thinking due to the fact that I have felt myself questioning where and how the good and bad contour was formed.If a mad man truly felt that a mass murder was right, and cohesive with his conscience, then who are any of us to circumscribe his well -being? When you think of this mad man in a different context, you resolve that maybe rather than being mad possibly, he has converted his mulish necessities into moral imperatives without second thought. You see I want to be quite obstinate about imperativeness that we have no way of knowing beyond that fundamental loyalty to the social code- what is right what is treat what is good what is evil.I dwell upon this because the most disturbing aspect of morality seem to me to be the frequency with which the word now appears in the press, on television, in the most perfunctionary kinds of conversation. (Joan Didion, on morality) What Joan Didion and presumably I keep diverging back to is the improper use of the word. What truly matters is exactly that- the way in whic h you shed these words around. Words like morals and values are merely titles. The manuscript of my childhood may or may not have stayed but there are still reminiscent littler bits that remind me of who I am and where I came from. So what is morality? I have no idea.

Law of nature Essay Example for Free

Law of genius EssayThere ar several(prenominal) playscripts that deal with philosophical questions of liberty, social restrictions, pursuit of stead and independence versus enslavement. I incur selected six-spot cogitate to these themes to be reviewed and closely analyzed to understand those themes better. The second treatise of Government by John Locke has been ever since its set-back publication in 1689 an influential source of political and social interpretation. The the States constitution is based on the principles and themes John Locke deals with in this master piece of philosophical reasoning. His of import argument in the make is that the sovereignty is in the hands of the multitude and that the government is in their service. Locke underscored the importance of universe aw are as people of our natural and fundamental rights but that we have had to relinquish certain persuasions of this hu piece freedom to be capable to coexist peacefully within a parlia mentary law regulated by laws established to maintain the order. populate are thus originally endowed with certain inalienable rights in a evoke of nature where freedom exists in absence of laws or orders to abide to.This law of nature does thus not inquire people to obey each other but instead people are free to be themselves. The enounce of nature is defined by Locke himself as To properly understand political power and withdraw its origins, we must consider the state that all people are in naturally. That is a state of undefi conduct freedom of acting and disposing of their own possessions and persons as they think fit within the bounds of the law of nature. tribe in this state do not have to ask permission to act or numerate on the will of others to arrange matters on their behalf. The natural state is also whizz of equality in which all power and jurisdiction is reciprocal and no peerless has more than another. Locke deals thus with the topic of accomplished societ y in this book and how we can politically coexist together as people. To understand the sure and best form of a obliging society we conduct to comprehend the fundamental right we are born with as pityings which is simply freedom in its complete sense.Taking this into consideration we have also to acknowledge the full meanings this brings along with it for everybody despite color, ethnicity, religion or race. Since all people are born with this right then it follows that all people are equal and deserve to live in a system that secures this equality and freedom of pursuit of wholenesss dreams. Lockes second main argument is how governments should altogether rule with the consent of the people and that all government that does not becomes as a result illegitimate and deserves to be overthrown by the people through their right to revolution.He also deals with the themes of conquest and thraldom, blank space and vocalization government. space for instance lead to the creatio n of the courteous society as men sought to protect his property through the law. People exchanged some of their natural rights in order to achieve this form of civil society where they could coexist peacefully with other people in a safe and secure atmosphere. The representative government on the other hand is only legitimate if it is acknowledged by the people and serves the call for of the people.It is this way that Locke established the rule that governments should be there for the service of the people rather than vice versa. Lockes stems nigh thralldom on the other hand are that it is essentially a form of involuntary servitude and the only way slavery could be justified as a system that goes against the order of the natural state is through the absence of the state of nature and the presence of the opposite which is the state of war during which exceptions were allowed.The discussion of slavery leads us to another major take to the woods concerned with the subject The L ife of Olaudah Equiano which is an autobiographical work that was premier(prenominal) of all published in the 18th century and distinguishs the story of slavery and its horrors. The story of his enslavement, acquired freedom and pursuit of work as a seaman and merchant is a very fascinating tale of forward accomplishment and determination at achieving success, despite the hardships encountered along the way, in order to assoil the natural right of freedom back.Olaudah, like Locke, was a fighter for a cause. Lockes book helped revolutionize the ideas about government and shaped the USA constitution the way we know it now. His defense of the rights of the benignant continues to influence the discourse on democracy, human rights and politics. Olaudahs journey and struggle for freedom has also left tremendous impact in the literature of slavery and he also helped in the process of abolishing slavery later on. Those two prominent men had a social vision of what a society was suppose d to be like and fought to achieve it.The book starts with the recount of Olaudahs personal life before enslavement when he used to live in an African section called Assaka. He was kidnapped and forced into slavery(something that enforces Lockes opinion about the forced status of slavery as an institution) at the climb on of ten and transported to the New World or to be more specific the plantations of Virginia. He was purchased by a lieutenant in the Navy called Michael Pascal who named him Gustavus Vassa, a name he also came to be cognize by. His life as a slave was a continues struggle and suffering.He could not tolerate the idea of deprivation of his right of freedom and chose to rebel through denying the new name his owner gave him which lead to his punishment as if he was a mere dog whose job was to obey without reluctance. Being deprived of his freedom reduces the human being into an animal. The life of the slave was really hard according to the journals of Olaudah. He was later exchange in the Caribbean and acquired by a Philadelphian Quaker who taught him how to read and write better and educated him in the Christian faith.He allowed him to trade to earn the m unrivalledy required to buy his freedom as young man in his twenties and traveled to England where he fought for the cause of slavery abolition. Olaudah observed in his book how slaves were set as inhuman subjects with no feelings. It was almost as if the masters considered them to be a different bills or an alien creature. Our third book or novel is concerned with a creature that displays those typical Frankenstein.Frankenstein by the author Mary Shelley refers to the scientists within the book success Frankenstein who knows how to create life and decides to create a creature that is like man but with more powerful characteristics. The novel is made up of the parallelism between the Captain Robert Walton and his sister. Walton happens to know about Frankensteins creature and recounts t he story to his sister in his letters. The story starts with Walton travelling to the North Pole where he will be trapped by a sea of commodious ice rocks.This is how Walton meets Victor Frankenstein and this is also how he comes to know about the giant Victor had created. Victor is himself fright by what he has created and runs away thereby allowing the monster to be released. The troubled scientist feels sick with guilt and his discourage state only worsens when he hears about the murder of his brother. It appears that the monster was who murdered his brother and this was explained by the monster himself as an attempt at taking revenge of Victor who had treated him with horror and disgust.He begs Victor for a companion since he cannot stand the loneliness. Victor does decide to oblige but later on regrets it and destroys his second creation to which the monster vows revenge that he soon fulfills through killing one of his friends. The monster manages to also kill his bride an d Victor decides to follow the monster which led him to meet Walton and dies a a couple of(prenominal) days later on. Walton concludes his letters by recounting how surprised he was to find the monster sagging on his body in agony and loneliness.It turns out that the monster had feelings like any other human being and could be good or evil like any other normal person. further Victors vexation and prejudice blinded him from seeing that. The same thing happened with the white owners of slaves in the era of Olaudah. They stop seeing the slaves as human beings and regarded them as mere properties to be feared and doubted if they acted differently the way Olaudah did through educating himself.The fear of the unknown is a characteristic of the human psyche but what is also a common aspect between the white and black man and the monster of Frankenstein is the need of freedom. Our fourth book is the communist pronunciamento by Karl Marx and Fried moneyed Engels. The first publication of the book took place in 1848. Just like John Lockes The succor Treatise of Government the Communist Manifesto is a very influential political manuscript. The main theme of the book is the class struggle and the weaknesses of the capitalist system.The Communist Manifesto is what the communist party strengthened the ideology of the Communist party. The Manifestos main aim was to make communism more understood by a larger total of people since the party was feared and doubted by many. Karl Marx continues then to mark the differences between the bourgeois and proletariat class since his main focus will be throughout the paper on how the proletariat has been victimized by the capitalist system and bourgeois class. He states in the first section that The history of all hitherto alert society is the history of class struggles.Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in eonian opposition to one a nother, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each prison term ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common boom of the con going classes. Marx arguments of class struggle resemble those of Locke to a certain extent. He also echoed the claim that the human need for property is what leads to the creation of civil society as we know it today.Marx acknowledges this human need for the acquisition of property but seeks to regulate it more through establishing laws that do not allow for a minority of rich people to subject and benefit from a larger group that is the real driving force of any society the proletariat class. The proletarians will, according to Marx, rise to power through class struggle. The bourgeois continues exploiting the proletarians but the latter(prenominal) will use their right to revolution (Locke again) to throw this form of social establishment and create a new reality more fit for the us ual and larger public.This vision was eventually realized by the Bolsheviks in the former Soviet Union. Our human need for freedom equality and development is according to Locke, Olaudah, Marx and Shelly a fundamental aspect of our psychological nature. This leads us to the fifth book to focus on On the melodic phrase of Species by Charles Darwin who explains in this work how humans have developed from their natural state to their current one and how they have been able to survive. The natural state described by Darwin in his book is different from that of Locke in that he focuses on how we developed physically as people from the shape of monkeys to that of humans.It is needless to say that his book has caused the necessary controversy in the religious circles. Darwin presents a very interesting evolutionary idea in this particular book to explain the process of human evolution the survival of the fittest. The idea of the transmutation of the species was still not welcomed by the Church establishment of that time and is still not looked at with favor by several even nowadays and despite the many scientific data that has been supplied to enhance his theory. Natural option or to use the other phrase, the survival of the fittest, has been described by Mr.Herbert Spencer as Owing to this struggle for life, any variation, however slight and from whatever cause proceeding, if it be in any degree profitable to an somebody of any species, in its infinitely complex relations to other organic beings and to external nature, will tend to the preservation of that individual, and will generally be inherited by its offspring. Charles Darwins book has also helped in reshaping the human thought regarding its origin and nature and developed the notion of the necessity of strength and relentlessness to succeed and earn the right to exist since only the fittest survive.Our last book is also closely related to the themes we have seen so far in relation to human rights and natu ral states and the preservation of an efficient civil society. Civilization and its discontents was first published in 1929 and became one of Sigmund Freuds most renowned works. Freuds main theme in this book is the state of conflict between the individual and his society. Just like with Lockes book we come to wonder how much the relinquishing of our fundamental right of total freedom affects our psyche and therefore our performance within the civil society we created.The primary source of conflict, according to Freud, is the individuals desire of freedom and the clash that creates with societys expectation of the individual to conform to the general rules. The majority kills with this the individuality and our natural states are denied for the sake of preserving the general picture agreed upon by the majority of the citizens. Humans have certain desires and characteristics that are hard to control. The desire for sex is the most prominent one which has lead to the creation of man y laws to regulate sex conduct in public and punish the acts of cross and sexual aggression.The natural instincts come to be subjected to laws and regulations to allow for the peaceful existence within a society. The six books that we have seen so far all deal with several issues related to humanitys pristine needs that can clash at times with societys expectations of the individual. Our quest for freedom and property creates conflict all along but we never are able to let go of one of the two. Humans have always wanted the two together and the need for more property led to the enslavement of millions to satisfy the need for cheap labor thereby violating the natural human state of being free by birth.But humans are creatures who seek pleasure and understanding and bonding with the other. That is also another reason why we co-exist within a society and try to abide to the rules to sustain the civil form. Works Cited Darwin, Charles (2002). The Origin of Species. W. W Norton Compan y. Equiano, Olaudah (1999). The life of Olaudah Equiano. capital of Delaware Publications. Freud, Sigmund (1989). Civilization and its discontents. W. W Norton Company. Locke, John (2002). The Second Treatise of Government. Dover Publications. Marx, Karl (1998). The Communist Manifesto. USA Oxford University Press. Shelley, Mary (2004). Frankenstein. Pocket.

My Version of Happiness Essay Example for Free

My adaptation of Happiness EssayWhat is joy? For me, with my sixteen years of life as my basis to define what it is, I think happiness is making friends, meeting new citizenry, enjoying what you have, loving what you have, accepting what you have, enjoying what youre doing, being in a situation that youll remember and laugh at later on, trying to smile, unconditional love, irrepressible smiling, having a crush, prosecute and finding success in pursuit, learning new things the easy way, witnessing something funny, sugar rush, and many other things. Basically, at this moment, happiness, for me, is acceptance, hoping, and believing.I say that because those are the things that have made me happy. Since happiness is subjective, or at least I find it to be so, I know that happiness, for me, is more often than not, ephemeral. It is spontaneous. It causes you to be so as well. It comes when you confront it and when you dont. It is more beautiful in the latter. just near multitude devote their entire existence to finding it. I think, though, that it is like a dogs tail if it is sought for like a tangible object, it will not be caught. Some flock make sad attempts at trying to generalize what it is.Some people pull through books on how to acquire it. Like a step by step program, cookbook style. Some people live life waiting for it. Some people observe how other people respond to the come-on to be happy. I guess, Im part of those people, but if thats so, who observes us? Some people run out happiness they dont human face for it, they doubt its existence. Some people try to find their purpose in the hope of finding happiness with it. Some people just live. Some people are always filled with it. Some people say they have found it. Some people think they have found it.Some people feign happiness. Some people try to know things to be able to know what happiness is. Some people try to justify their happiness. Some people buy things to become happy. Some people neglect being empty to be happy. Some people hide it. Some people write about its nature. Some people find other people, and happiness comes with them sometimes. I do all that, divers(prenominal) approaches for different moments. Happiness is tricky thing, deadly as a drug, addicting like one, yet it is legal. It could be a put up of mind, but it could just as well be someone or something.

Architectural Branding Essay Example for Free

Architectural stigmatization turn outThe 4Ps have been extended to 7Ps namely Price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence and Process. Architectural Branding is an main(prenominal) element of Physical Evidence very strongly prevailing in International Brands e. g. Calvin Klein, Nike town, DG, Prada etc. With the changing Indian Market scenario and customer awareness Indian Brands have now realised to incorporate the glossiness of Architectural Branding as an important brand element. Possibly Brands like Colour Plus, Wills Lifestyle, Sepia in addition are trying to incorporate the sentiment of Architectural Banding. Therefore through an exploratory research on the related topics of branding it was felt that architectural branding will help us in the unyielding run in the industry and would widen our horizon of knowledge. Down the line I felt that this concept would be taught to us in our course curriculum of Fashion Management. Through this topic of Architectural Br anding we would get to learn about basics of Architecture, Interior Design and Design Space and relating these subjects to the Market seek and Consumer Behaviour. Information Needed ? Introduction to Architectural Branding Concepts of Architecture Material Types of Structure ? Architecture in Retail Exteriors Interior Design Store Layout, Design

The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. Essay Example for Free

The Walt Disney caller and Pixar Inc. turn let outTo Acquire or Not to Acquire?In November 2005, Robert Iger, the newly appointed CEO of the Walt Disney Company, eagerly wait the box subroutine results of Chicken Little, the companys second computer-generated (CG) feature film. He knew that, for Disney as a whole to be successful, he had to get the sprightliness business right, in p prowessicular the new CG technology that was speedily supplanting hand-drawn livelihood.1 Yet the company had been reliant on a contract with animation studio Pixar, which had produced hits oft(prenominal)(prenominal) as Toy report card and Finding Nemo, for most of its recent animated film revenue. And the co- return agreement, brokered during the tenure of his predecessor, Michael Eisner, was narrow down to expire in 2006 deeplyr on the release of Cars, the fifth ikon in the five-picture deal.Unfortunately, contract renewal negotiations surrounded by Steve Jobs, CEO of Pixar, and E isner had broken down in 2004 amid reports of personal conflict. When he assumed his new role, Iger reopened the lines of communication amongst the companies. In fact, he had just struck a deal with Jobs to sell Disneyowned, ABC-produced television showssuch as Desperate Housewivesthrough Apples iTunes Music Store.2 Iger knew that a deal with Pixar was possible it was just a question of what that deal would look desire. Did it make the most sense for Disney to simply buy Pixar?Walt Disney Feature life accountingWalt Disney Feature Animation began with the production of hoodwink White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1934. Toys and memorabilia based on the movies characters were stocked in stores such as Woolworths around the films release, a move that became a trademark of Disneys strategy. after many a(prenominal) early successes, the animation division struggled for decades after Walt Disneys death butwas rejuvenated with the arrival of Michael Eisner, as well as Jeffrey Katzenberg a s chairman of Walt Disney Studios, in 1984. Under them, the studio produced a string of hit films that included The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast, up to the howling(a) success of 1994s The Lion King, which alone generated over $1 one million million million in net in do for the company.The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. To Acquire or Not to Acquire?Eisner believed in making clear who was good at their job, and who was non so good, and wanted to give control to leaders who had a sense of judgment about creativeness and business. Seventy-five percent of the time, he was able to find a director who had these skills and wanted to work on a particular movie the rest of the time directors would be t grizzly to just do it.6 Katzenberg, who was know for his grueling work ethic and passion for animation, made it his personal mission to bring the studio back end to its causation glory. He supervised every aspect of the studios films. According to one reason Disney executi ve, Jeffrey is the sheep dog and the wolf. Hes the sheep dog guarding us, and the wolf hunting us.7 Katzenberg was cr skiped with hammering out the storytelling of each film and ensuring that each film had a moral resonance. He also brought on away talent to each movie, such as Elton John, who contributed songs for The Lion King.Recent Box Office PerformanceAfter The Lion King in 1994, every Disney-produced animated film fell below expectations (see Exhibit 1). When asked in 1997 about the divisions disappointing performance, Eisner replied, I dont think population kinda downstairsstand our company. We have many avenues to make money from one of our animated films. The goggle box revenues from one of our films atomic number 18 large, the consumer products huge.Some of the uniform features that observers credited for Disney Animations successlarge staff, large budgets, and lots of timewere also beatified for its demise. Disney Animation had just 275 employees in 1988 about 95 0 in 1994 for the release of The Lion King and 2,200 at its dot in 1999.9 Competition for animators in the 1990s also caused salaries, which accounted for 80% of each films cost, to balloon, with heyday animators pay rising from $125,000 in 1994 to $550,000 in 1999.10 And these pay increases affected employees across the board.In 1994, Eisner refused to promote Katzenberg to chairwoman of the company, prompting his swift departure. The absence of Katzenberg, who was generally considered to be the studios creative force, struck many as the cause of the decline. As one commentator noted, the companys once-invincible animation studio has locomote on hard times since studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg left.11 In 1997, Katzenberg, along with Steven Spielberg and David Geffen, started rival animation studio DreamWorks. According to reports, in the historic period that followed, DreamWorks attempted to lure away some of Disneys dress hat animators.Joe Roth, former chairman of twentieth Century Fox, became chairman of Walt Disney Studios after Katzenbergs departure. In charge for sextette years, he focused the studios energy on live action films.13 Peter Schneider, former head of Disney Animation, took over in 2000 after Roth left. Schneiders goal was to deliver emotional, thematic stories.14 He worked solely with established Disney directors and producers and relied on his younger development staff to broker deals with up-and-coming filmmakers, in line of work to the hands-on deal-making style of his predecessors, Katzenberg and Roth.15 The product development group assigned directors for each animated movie. In the late 1990s, Disney set up a Secret research laboratory in an old Lockheed plant near Burbank aerodrome as a response to the growing popularity of three-dimensional (3D) CG films. The groups first CG project was the dear(p) Dinosaur, which was released in 2000 to a strong opening weekend, but which ultimately disappointed at the box site. The Lab wa s shuttered in 2001 after Roy Disney viewed and rejected the second project underway, Wildlife, which he thought was packed with bountiful themes and strayed too far from Disneys family-friendly brand offering. Disney then focused its animation efforts on traditional matt (2D) projectssuch as 2001s Atlantis The Lost Empire.16 In 2002, under new feature-animation chief Thomas Schumacher, Disney embarked on an aggressive cost-cutting mission.Lilo Stitch, the first movie made in the new environment, cost about $80 one thousand thousand to make, versus $150 million for the 1999 Tarzan. Instead of 573 animators crafting 170,000 individual drawings, a crew of 208 rendered 130,000 drawings.17 Cost-cutting efforts took Disneys animation department from its gritty to around 1,100 in 2003. At that point, as rival studios, such as News Corp.s 20th Century Fox, exited the market, salaries slid precipitously. The market rate for the animator who brought abode $550,000 in 1994 was half as mu ch by the early 2000s.18 Apart from omitting redundancies, Disney Animation kept costs down by cutting corners where it could, in ship canal that were imperceptible to audiences. For example, the group eliminated things such as the number of characters seen in each frame or the meat of motion in the background.19 The televisionanimation unit also produced very low-cost films, like The Tigger Movie, which could make money with altogether $45 million in box office receipts, since the production cost was kept down to $15 million.20 In 2003, Disney Studios finally set up its own CG animation department.However, many staff members take to be retrained in the new technology, which cost Disney money, heightened tension, and depressed morale within the studio. Disney decided to slow production on its animated films to give the staff more time to work on them and hammer out the story lines. American Dog and Rapunzel Unbraided, the second and third releases after Chicken Little, were both pushed back.21 Throughout this period, Disney came to rely on revenue and characters produced by its partner, Pixar. Between 1998 and 2004, Pixar CG movies contributed a total of more than $3.5 billion to Disney Studio revenues, and more than $1.2 billion to Disneys operating income (Exhibits 2 and 2a). Pixars contribution represented 10% of revenue and over 60% of total operating income over the period. In 2005, Disney even set up a group know as Circle 7 to produce sequels to Pixar movies. The 40-person staff working on Toy Story 3 in March 2005 grew to 160 people during the following year.Movie EconomicsWhile box office revenues from the theatrical release were the typicalmeasure of a movies success, financial success truly came from separate revenue streams generated by the movie. By 2005, such sources included home video sales (originally on cassette tapes, but increasingly on DVD) payper-view and video-on-demand on cable channels television showings, whether on free channels , such as NBC and CBS, or on cable channels merchandise sales including toys, apparel, books, etc. and video games and early(a) electronic uses of the characters (see Exhibit 3). By 2005, the largest of these revenue sources was not theatrical box office but home video.Because character-related sales had such a long tail, revenue for a hit animated movie would come in over many yearsup to decades for classic movies that were re-released theatrically and in home video form. Given the longevity of a great movie, film libraries were valuable assets. DreamWorks film library, for example, was about to be sell to Paramount for $900 million.23 Sequels to successful movies were another important source of revenue. The sequels to Toy Story, Shrek, and Ice Age, for example, generated between 30% and 90% more box office revenue than the originals. Once a character had been established, the existence of a build in audience for subsequentmovies reduced marketing costs. Successful sequels would also extend the life of the original movie, particularly for animated features that appealed to successive generations of young children.Pixar Inc.Pixar was unusual among movie studios in generating a succession of box office hits. Its first five full-length films each grossed over $350 million.24 Steve Jobs said, Everybody has tried to break into the animation market since Snow White was released in 1937. So far, only two companieshave ever produced a blockbuster production grossing more than $100 million, Disney and Pixar.25 Pixars animation broke from the traditional model because the company did not use hand drawings but rather 3D computer-generated models. In 2D traditional animation, frames comprised hand-drawn cels, which required the skills of hundreds of people working for two to three years. Traditional animation constricted artists flexibility, tooif a change needed to be made to a character or scene, all subsequent frames had to be changed. Three-dimensional CG, on the other hand, used mathematical models to redraw each cel and mimic camera angles in ways that traditional animation could not.Pixar used its own proprietary computer animation technology to generate incredibly lifelike 3D images and backgrounds, although CG still could not quite make human characters look perfectly realistic. Said Jobs, We have 10 years of proprietary software systems that you cannot buy anything close to in the marketplace. You have to build them yourself.26 Pixars technology allowed animators to manipulate hundreds of motion control points within a single character, to reuse animated images, and to edit easily.27 These technologies enabled Pixar to make animated films faster than its competitors and at a fraction of their cost. For example, the company made Toy Story with just 110 staff members, who spent the time saved on animation to focus on story and character development, as well as fine-tuning visual details.History Pixar traced its origins to the University of Utah in the 1970s, where a young Edwin Catmull studied computer science in a program renowned for creating the new region of computer graphics. Around the same time, Alexander Schure, president of New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), hired a team of animators to make a film version of Tubby the Tuba, a childrens record. Frustrated by the limitations of hand-drawn animation, Schure flew to the University of Utah, where he met and recruited Catmull to work at the Institute. Catmull and his hand-picked team spent four years at NYIT, where they made inroads into the arena despite never producing the Tubby the Tuba movie.In 1979, George Lucas approached Catmulls team with an offer to work on special effects for Lucasfilm, producer of the wildly successful Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises. While working in that respect in the early 1980s, Catmull met John Lasseter at a computer graphics conference and the two became friends. Lasseter, a young animator from Disney, had stud ied at California Institute of the Arts with the likes of Tim Burton. Skilled in art as a young boy, Lasseter read a book on the art of animation and Disney during his crank year of high school and realized what he wanted to do with his life. After graduation, he joined the ranks at Disney and worked on Mickeys Christmas Carol.He commented, I felt that Disney was, at the time, doing the same old thing. They had reached a certain plateau technically and artistically with, I think, 101 Dalmatians, and then everything had been kind of the same ever since then, with a glimmer of characters or sequences that were special.30 In 1984, Lasseter went to Lucasfilms computer division under Catmull. In 1986, Steve Jobswho had left Apple Computer the year beforebought the Lucasfilm computer business, then called Pixar, for $10 million.31 Initially, Jobs intend Pixar to be a computer hardware and software company. He spent the next several years subsidizing the company to the tune of nearly $50 million from his personal funds.When the graphics computers did not sell, Jobs cut a third of Pixars staff in 1991 and left only the animation division.32 Jobs said, If I knew in 1986 how much it was going to cost to keep Pixar going, I doubt if I would have bought the company. The problem was, for many years the cost of the computers required to make animation we could sell was tremendously high. Only in the past hardly a(prenominal) years has the price come down to the point that it makes business sense (see Exhibits 4 and 4a).33Software Pixar ab initio developed three proprietary technologies RenderMan, Marionette, and Ringmaster. In 1989, the company released RenderMan, a software system that applied cereal and color to 3-D objects and was used for visual effects. Pixar used RenderMan itself and sold it to Disney, Lucasfilm, Sony, and DreamWorks, which used it to create effects like the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. The program served as Pixars main source of revenue during th e companys early years. As of 2005, it had developed special effects for 100 films, and 44 of the last 47 movies that win the Oscar in visual effects had used RenderMan. In 2001, Catmull, along with two other Pixar scientists, won an Oscar for RenderMan and its advancements to the vault of heaven of motion picture rendering.Marionette, the primary software tool for Pixar animators, was designed specifically for character animation and articulation, compared with other animation software that was designed to address product design and special effects. Ringmaster was a production prudence system used to track internal projects and served as the overarching system to coordinate and sequence the animation, tracking the considerable amount of data employed in a three-dimensional animated film.

Social Work Theory and Methods of Intervention Essay Example for Free

Social hammer Theory and Methods of Intervention analyzeThis piece of work will attempt to get word at how a chosen Social Work method can be useful in case work intervention with an individual. It will look at the hypothesis in detail with regards to its application in the client/worker relationship, taking into devotion issues of anti-discriminatory practice and the limitations which the method may have in delivering a holistic service. It will then make out the benefits of using another method in conjunction with the first in order to compliment this and stand more robust ministrations. The individual chosen from the case study is Michael. He is 15 years emeritus and has recently been arrested along with two friends. This is not his first offence and he has intimated that he feels confused and has no-one to talk of the town to. Additionally his relationship with family members is tentative at the present time and he has been blamed for the arrest by his friends. The method chosen in this instance is Cognitive Behavioural. This approach is concerned with the way we study.It makes the assumption that behavior is directed by thoughts. Unlike many other concepts, which concentrate more on unconcious drives, feelings or subjective conflict. Cigno and Bourne 1998, believe that most of what makes us individuals rather than clones, what shapes our personalities, including behaviour, emotion and cognition, is a result of what we have learned. This ikon is rooted in behaviourist theory. Pavlov introduced classical conditioning after his work on physiological processes of digestion.This was a specifically centred around work with laboratory animals, which when observed in experiments began to develop draws and anticipations round food. Pavlov named this stimulus association learning. Operant conditioning is in any case part of this model, introduced by B. F Skinner 1953, it interposed the concepts of positive and negative reinforcment as a result o f stimulus. He believed that almost any set of stimuli can aquire reinforcing or punishing associations with the consequences they bring Cigno and Bourne1998.Cognitive and behavioural theories are principles from two related streams of psychological writing, Payne 1997. Social learning theory (Bandura), focuses the fact that most behaviour is learned. However it goes further than behavioural theory by implying that peoples perceptions and thinking about their experiences and modelling what they see around them are vital to the process and interdependent to the feelings that they have regarding this. Basically Bandura believed that how we think has an affect on our behaviour and that both of these are open to reposition.The way we think about a situation mediates between the outside world and our inner self, Harrison and pantryman 2004. People have the capacity to change and behaviour is assimilated by goals, Sheldon 1995. Cognitive behavioural programmes are based on the applica tion of both neighborly learning theory and cognitive theory to in chassis therapeutic methods, Cigno and Bourne 1998.This assessment would be make with the intention of supportering Michael to see where he is at present with his own thought processes (hopes, fears,values) and to progress from these to discover to make Michaels behaviour goal orientated, e. g getting Michael to think about offending in a different way and continuous reinforcment of a desired behaviour will work quickly to slack in the behaviour which leads to offending, this promotes change in the thinking behind offending behaviour.Shaping can also be used, reinforcing small steps made toward a required behaviour. The worker also needs to quarrel negative thought processes. Feedback needs to be encouraged so that Michael can see what he has achieved oustide sessions, Harrison and Butler 2004.Once the desired behaviour is achieved fading would be used to reduce the amount or causa of reinforcement. This enabl es Michael to transfer his behaviour to other settings, Payne1997. The principle of self-talk can be tried out with Michael also. Cigno and Bourne 1998 channelize that children gain self-control over their actions as their inner speech develops. Using this formula in the form of self-talk can help with self-appraisal and self-support. Self-Instructional Training (SIT -Goldstein and Keller 1987) was developed with this as a central concept.This intervention can help to establish self control in childlike offenders, thus helping to decrease the arousal which may lead to offending behaviour. Beck et al 1985 followed on from Bowlbys (1977) work on attachment and loss and may come across the stance that Michael has a sociotropic personality. This means that he values closeness and the loss of a relationship, a rejection or an experience of social deprivation could affect his mood and leave him feeling confused and isolated, Dryden1996.Hence the deviate thought which lead to offending . Another use of cognitve techniques could be offered to Michael and his family in the form of Functional Family Therapy if his family were willing to participate. This focuses on family interaction. It uses contingency contracting as a means of changing family interaction in the case of young offenders. It can help to reduce recidivism and have a beneficial effect on the interactions between families. It has become increasingly evident

Dropout of school Essay Example for Free

Drop forth of school EssayThe Huffington Post deep ran an article entitled, Americas School Dropout Epidemic By The Numbers just about Americas dropout problem. I would like to add my opinions about why children drop out of school. I am a professional educator who served as a classroom instructor, school counselor and school administrator in the New York City school strategy for over 33 years. I believe that there argon five major reasons why children go away school 1. The students themselves They make wrong decisions. They get involved with gangs, drugs/alcohol, get pregnant and commit crimes. Many energize a poor school attitude and argon frequently bored by school. They are broken to their families, school and life. They do not see the reasons they requirement to go to school. They are not involved in school activities and pretermit self-esteem. Some stomach been promoted lacking skills needed for promotion. Some comport undergone major illnesses and have missed too many another(prenominal) days of school and have been informed that they will be held back. Because of many of the conditions listed above, they have been suspended and have fallen behind in their work and see little affair of returning to school.2. The family they come from There is much a clash between the family set and those of the school. Frequently, their parents have dropped out of school themselves. The students come from families from number 1 socio-economic backgrounds, where there are many other children. Older children often have to go to work in order to supply the family with much-needed funds for basic family needs or need to stay home to take care of younger siblings so that their parents can work. Many children come from non-English harangue homes with high mobility.Single parent homes have become the norm in the United States. Many children are products of divorce, separation or, sometimes, family violence. hey are not being raised by parents, but rather by aunts, uncles and grandparents. Families are not meeting some childrens basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. 3. The community they come from Many children animated on the wrong side of the tracks in places where education is not valued, where drugs, gangs and violence abound. And where schools are low-performing, they often lack community and health support. 4.The schools they attend The schools are toxic to student learning, students, parents and staff. Students are suspended for minor infractions (such as talking back to the teacher), or placed in remedial classes. The schools have a culture of low expectations. They lack adequate guidance counseling. The curriculum is not relevant to the needs of the students being taught. Passive instructional strategies are being used without regard to individual student learning styles. Teachers are not proficient in the latest teaching/learning/technology techniques.Funding is based on property values so that low-income neighborhoods receive little funding than wealthy neighborhoods. Because some states pass budgets in a less than timely matter, teachers are not hired in time producing over-sized classrooms. 5. The teachers they have The least-experienced, least classroom-trained teachers are often assigned to the most difficult schools. They enter the field with the expectation that they have been adequately prepared by the schools of education with the skills they need and they havent received.(See Arthur Levine, Educating School Teachers) They are leaving the field faster than colleges can prepare them. The teacher dropout rate is higher than the student dropout rate. Forty-six percent of teachers leave the field within five years. When asked why they leave, a majority state that they havent been properly prepared, have had increased demands placed on them because of high venture testing and are not getting adequate support from their supervisors in dealing with classroom discipline. want all generalities , there are exceptions to the information provided above. But, by and large, the statistics bear them out.

The American revolution Essay Example for Free

The American revolution EssayOne of the major reasons why the American Revolution started was because of the point that the British were not including the Americans in the ends that were creation taken for the taxation proceeds from the citizens the Americans who felt that they were not being asked to participate in important decisions (Blanco 757). The seeds for revolt were planted by the resentment at the non-inclusion at the decision making process given the fact that the Americans felt that they made significant contributions to the coffers of the British. America, at this point, was willing to net profit war in order to be properly represented and to be allowed to take part in the decision making process (Blanco 757). It had now become a common sentiment among the Americans that there were so many things that they felt had to be done but were left unresolved due to their exclusion. America went to war not to prove that they were stronger but rather they went to war in o rder to set things right.America precious to help the people in living an unsuppressed life and this is why they fought for independence. According to a Richard Blanco, The near radical impact was the sense that all men have an equal voice in giving medication and that inherited status carried no political weight in the new republic. The rights of the people were incorporated into press out constitutions. Thus came the widespread assertion of liberty, individual rights, equality and hostility toward corruption which would prove core determine of republicanism to Americans. (702)This means that according to some sources, the American Revolution had a greater impact on the humankind because it was the first who had fought against the British rule and ensured independence for itself. The American Revolution was the one that began the trend of ambushing the British and fetching over their own country so that they can rule it in the right way and so that they can also allow the pub lic to be a part of the decisions that are going to be made by the government. This was a major victory for America and this is why they celebrate such an occasion.

A History Of The Gold Standard Economics Essay

A History Of The florid precedent economics EssayWhat is specious commonplace? The aureate measuring stick is a fiscal st vagabondgy in which the ideal unit of currency is a contumacious weight of amber or freely mass meetingable into currency at a frosty price. chthonic the amber standard agreement, paper silver which circulates as a medium of exchange is standardized into prosperousen on demand. The exchange rate between paper or revision money and lucky is fixed. said(prenominal) thing happened to the evaluate of exchange between national currencies, it is fixed.The Gold meter stern be change integrity into two types full Gold Standard and partial Gold Standard. A 100 percent have got Gold Standard or full Gold Standard occurs when all circulating money ass be represented by the appropriate amount of bullion. Whilst in partial Gold Standard, circulating notes potty be redeemed for their face range it poop be either higher than its actual foste r or lower.Why gold beingness selected as a reserve for most countries and even for straightaway? Many nations hold the gold reserves in significant quantity in order to denial their currency and put a hedge against the US dollar. Some more, the weakness of the US dollar can be offset by strengthening the gold prices. Yet, compared to other precious metals or major competitors such(prenominal) as US dollar and real estate, none of them has the stability as the gold as easily as its rarity and durability. Gold is also used as a store of value scratch from the early monetary system since it is high value enough. It is high in utility and density, it is able to live on to corrosion, it is uniform, and it is divisible easily. As we know, banking began by depositing the gold into a bank and it could be transferred from one bank to some other bank. Until today, gold remains to be the main financial asset for most of the central banks.By feeling back at the past, before two hundre d0 BC, the eldest metal that human being used as a currency in trade was silver. According to the history, we know that gold has been used as a besotted of payment since long time ago. After 1500 years, the first coinage of pure gold was introduced. The bridal of Gold Standard was preceded after that. Yet, the order of magnitude monetary system came and took over the Gold Standard system during the blast of World war I. This happened for most of the nations are delinquent to the excessive public debt and the government is otiose to honor all the debt in gold or silver.IMPORTANCE OF STUDY / RESEARCH IN prosperous idealAs a banking and finance student, we have to study and understand any history that regard to the field, include the topic of our assignment this time Gold Standard. This is because people live in present and they have to platform for and worry rough the future. History is the study of past. It gives the nurture of the past in order to anticipate what is soon enough to come. Understanding history is important to develop the linkages to predict the future. Yet, history also provides us abundant of information about how the Gold Standard was formed and how it operated. Understanding the operations of the Gold Standard is difficult presently since it was collapsed and we cannot be exposed ourselves to it. The current data that we have is relied on what happened into the past. By using the historic materials, we can make our own analysis on the Gold Standard and understand its weaknesses and problems.Be spots, the study of the Gold Standard can help us to understand the changes of the monetary system and how the financial globe affects the global economies. From the historical information, we know when the adoption of the Gold Standard was and when the collapse of the Gold Standard was. Yet, we also know that the monetary system had been changed over time to time and which system was being created in order to take over the original s ystem. For instance, Gold Standard was took over by Bretton Woods formation and followed by Contemporary fiscal System. There is always a reason there for the changes make. This is because of the discovery of the shortages of the system. Once the deficiencies being located, the new system would be established. If there is still do not have any actions taken, it will affect the economies of the world since finance cannot be separated with the economy.In addition, as a financial student, we have to understand about the differences between social club money and Gold Standard. From the project we done, we know that fiat money is money that no have intrinsic value and cannot be redeemed for any commodity. The paper currencies and coins that are gettable in markets nowadays are considered as fiat money and the strength of the economy of the issuing nation is the determinative used to determine the value of fiat money. intimatelyly, inflation will follow with the enormous issuing of f iat money. Whilst, The Gold Standard is a monetary system in which the standard unit of currency is a fixed weight of gold or freely convertible into gold at a fixed price. Under the Gold Standard system, paper money which circulates as a medium of exchange is convertible into gold on demand. The exchange rate between paper or fiat money and gold is fixed.PART II THE GOLD STANTARD2.1 HISTORY2.1.1 History of Gold StandardThe first nation that officially adopted the Gold Standard system is England (also called as Great Britain) in 1821. The list under is the dates of adoption of the Gold Standard system1821England1871Germany1873Latin Monetary UnionBelgiumItalySwitzerlandFrance1875Scandinavia(Monetary Union)DenmarkNorwaySweden1875Netherlands1876France1876Spain1879Austria1893Russia1897Japan1898India1900United StatesDuring that century, there was a dramatic increase in global trade and production which brought enormous discoveries of gold. The discoveries aided the Gold Standard remai n intact well on the following century. The emergence of the world(prenominal) Gold Standard is on 1871 since the Germany also started to use the system. By 1900, most of the developed countries were linked to the Gold Standard system, but ramp that the United States was the last nation to enter. This is because there was the present of a strong silver lobby that command gold from being the sole monetary standard with the U.S. throughout the 19th century.The Gold Standard was at its pinnacle from 1871 till 1914. During the period, there were a near perfect ideal political contexts existed in the world. Governments tried to corporate nicely in order to make the Gold Standard system work, but the system was collapsed during the duration of the Great state of war in 1914. In 1925, it was reestablished. But payable to the relative scarcity of gold, many countries adopted a gold-exchange standard, supplementing their gold reserves with currencies convertible into gold at a stable r ate of exchange. Unfortunately, the gold-exchange standard was ended during the Great Depression. The United States had set a minimum dollar price for gold in order to aid for the restoration of international gold standard after World war II. In 1971, dwindling gold reserves and unfavorable balance of payments led the U.S. to abandon the Gold Standard system.2.1.2 Timelines of Gold Standard1717The Kingdom of Great Britain went on to an unofficial Gold Standard.1816Gold was partially displacing silver as a standard.1821The Gold Standard was first out into operation in Great Britain.1873The specie Act of the United States Congress came into operation on 1st April and constituted the gold one-dollar piece as the sole unit of value.1900Gold Standard Act was established on 14 March 1900 and gold was the only standard for redeeming paper money.1914The abandonment of the Gold Standard by Russia.1925The return of the Gold Standard.1971The abandonment of the Gold Standard by the United Sta tes.2.1.3 Timelines of revisal Money1690There are trey types of currency according to American HistoryFiat moneyCertificates based on coin or bullionBank notes(Fiat money is one type of currencies that being used during the time.)1789France was undergoing economic downturn and due to lack of money, fiat money being used.1862There was a paper currency that printed upon one side in green has been created with a promise to pay Greenbacks.1878An argument in favor of honest money and redeemable currency.1896Paper-based global economy has been collapsed.1913 plaque of Fed.Fiat money became the United States legal tender.The mercy of the fiat money system has led to the greatest debt bubble in world history.1933Inflation occurred.2008Under the fiat money system, money as debt.2.1.4 History of Shifting Between Fiat Money and Gold Standard in U.S.As stated as below, there were a lot of shifting between a fiat money and gold standard had been made by the United States over the past 200 yea rs which in order to avoid hyper-inflation. Hyperinflation occurs when the confidence in money had gone and it bleeds to no value in the money. As mentioned as earlier, the gold standard was over due to the reason of the government was unable to repay for the excessive of public debt in gold or silver that its countries owe.1785-1861Fixed Gold Standard 76 yearsIt was issued by American colonists for the Continent Congress in order to finance the subverter War.It was produced by the United States Federal Government.It was authorized by the Act of March 3, 1849.1862-1879Floating Fiat notes 7 yearsThe fiat money of the United States above is Greenbacks.It was created to pay for the enormous cost of the accomplished War.It was the debt of the U.S. government which could be redeemable in gold at future without any specified date.It was circulated on with the Gold certificates.1880-1914Fixed Gold Standard 34 yearsIt was ended due to the financial necessarily of World War I.1915-192 5Floating Fiat currentness 10 yearsIt was created to pay for World War I countries.There was insufficient of gold to support the paper currency.1926-1931Fixed Gold Standard 5 yearsIt was ended due to most of the nations tried to deposit their pounds and dollars for gold when the depression occurs.1931-1945Floating Fiat Currency 14 yearsIt was ended due to the outbreak of World War II.1945-1968Fixed Gold Standard 26 yearsOn 24 June 1968, a proclamation that Federal Reserve liquid Certificates could not be redeemed in silver was issued by President Johnson.1971Floating Fiat Currency 5 monthsIt was established by President Nixon on August 1971.1971-1973Fixed Dollar Standard 2 yearsIt was passed by the Smithsonian Agreement.1973-todayFiat Currency 37 yearsIt was established by the Basel Accord.2.1.5 Evolution of transnational Monetary SystemsInternational Monetary System had been undergoing several stages of evolution which are stated as belowBimetallism (before 1875)A double s tandard in the sense that both gold and silver were used as international means of payment.Some nations used the gold standard some used the silver standard and some used both.Both gold and silver were used as money and the gold or silver contents were the determinants used to determine the exchange evaluate among currencies.Classical Gold Standard (1875-1914)Most nations agreed that-Gold alone was assured of unrestricted coinage.-There would be two-way convertibility between gold and national currencies at a fixed ratio.-Gold could be freely exported or imported.Two countries relative gold contents were be the determinants used to determine the exchange rate between two countries currency.Highly stable exchange rates under the classical gold standard provided an environment that was conducive to international trade and investment.Misalignment of exchange rates and international imbalances of payment were automatically corrected by the price-specie-flow mechanism.Interwar Period ( 1915-1944)Exchange rates fluctuated as countries astray used predatory depreciations of their currencies as a means of gaining advantage in the world export market.Attempts were made to restore the gold standard, but participants lacked the political will to follow the rules of the game.The resultant for international trade and investment was profoundly detrimental.Bretton Woods System (1945-1971)Named for a 1944 meeting of 44 countries at New Hampshire.The purpose was to devise a postwar international monetary system.The goal was exchange rate stability without the gold standard.The result was the creation of the IMF and the World Bank.The system was a dollar-based gold exchange standard.Flexible Exchange Rate System (1971-today)The system was declared acceptable to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) members. underlying banks were allowed to intervene in the exchange rate markets.Gold was addicted as an international reserve asset.Managed Float System (1973-today)2.2 INTERNA TIONAL GOLD STANDARD2.2.1 Chronology of Gold and International Monetary System1717Master of the Mint, Sir Isaac Newton gave guinea statutory valuation of 21 shillings.Commence of the United Kingdom Gold Standard.1797Occurrence of Napoleonic Wars.Bank of England abandoned gold payments.1816 boldness of UK Coinage Act.1844Bank of England obliged to buy gold.1870-1900Except of China, most of the nation abandoned bimetal Standard and switched to Gold Standard.1913The United States system of reserve banks was established by Federal Reserve Act.At least 40% of notes were gold-backed.1917U.S. prohibited gold exports.1919UK went off Gold Standard.Establishment of London Gold Fixing.1925 coming back of Gold Standard in the United Kingdom.Establishment of UK Gold Standard Act.1931The United Kingdom abandoned Gold Standard.1933Suspend of the United States convertibility.Prohibition of exports, transactions, and holding of gold.1934Presidential Proclamation of making dollar convertible to gol d again.1936Establishment of Tripartite Agreement (Countries involved U.S., UK, and France)1939Close of London gold market due to the outbreak of war.1944Establishment of Gold Exchange Standard as a result of Bretton Woods Conference.1945International Monetary Fund (IMF) Articles of Agreement became effective.1954Reopen of London gold market after World War II.1961Establishment of Gold Pool (Members Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, UK and Federal Reserve Bank of New York)1967Buying of gold increase due to the devaluation of sterling.1968Close of London market.Abolishment of Gold Pool and establishment of 2-tier market.Establishment of Special potation Right (SDR).1971Suspend of U.S. convertibility to gold.Establishment of Smithsonian Agreement.1972Devaluation of the United States dollar.1973Suspend of dealing in foreign exchange markets by most of the central banks.Adoption of floating exchange rate regime.Abandonment of 2-tier gold market.1975Abolishment of confinement on citizen buying, selling or owning gold by U.S.First U.S. gold auctioneer on January.Establishment of agreement between G10 countries and Switzerland on no attempt to peg the gold price.1976First gold auction by IMF on June.1978Disappear of formal role of gold in International Monetary System.1979Establishment of European Monetary System.Final U.S. gold auction on November.1980Last 45 IMF gold auctions on May.1982The United States Gold Commission reported to Congress.1985Establishment of Plaza Agreement on currencies.1987Establishment of quintet Accord on currencies.1992Sign of treaty on European Union at Maastricht.1998Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain joined Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).1999Began of EMU.Announcement of Central Bank Gold Agreement (CBGA).2004Announcement of Second Central Bank Gold Agreement.2.2.2 Gold Standard Went International*The picture above the gold and silver coins that available around the world during 19th century.From the chronology above, we know that most of the countries (except China) had abandoned their silver or bimetallic standard and went for a full gold standard between the years of 1871 to 1900. There is always a reason. German asked for war indemnity to be paid in gold by France right after the Franco-German War. German used this gold to finance a new gold standard in their home country. This had lead to an increase in the demand of gold and there was unload of tons of silver on the close nations. Due to the fear towards silver inflation, the neighboring countries decided to follow German.The list below is the date of first gold standard1871German1873Belgium1873Italy1873Switzerland1874Scandinavia1875Denmark1875Norway1875Sweden1875Holland1876France1876Spain1879Austria1893Russia1898India1900USAInternational Gold Standard existed when the following condition being fulfilledGold alone is assured of unrestricted coinage.There were t wo means of convertibility between gold and national currencies at a fixed ratio.Gold may be freely imported and exported.