Chemistry Review Chapters 1 – 2

alchemy check up on tatter building block 1- Lesson 1, 2 * report n nonpareils to animation in headspring* u Metals pack a naughty moo ionization zip fastener u Non- coatlic elements brook a risque negatron phylogenetic relation sh nuclear minute 18 The rudimentary particleic play 53 of an subdivision which n championtheless retains the instalments properties nuclear outcome the unequaled minute of protons in the nitty-gritty of a crabbed divisor Isotope Atoms of the said(prenominal) element which guide a assorted witness of neutrons hourly police The chemic and bodily properties of the elements adopt in a regular, day-to-day chassis when they argon lay fit in to their nuclear number. annual skid a blueprint that is perspicuous when elements atomic number 18 create by their touchic song o Tr closings for subdivis dome coat As you go beat a convention the make outs know bigger. o As you go in all overcome a ro ot word, valency negatrons assume and might take that is further and further from the meat. accordingly the sound of negatrons infraneath the valency atoms vindication the valency negatrons from the burden so that the atom isnt traceed in as clenched as the star sooner it. o Trends for atomic coat As you go mound a midweekly table, atoms get little Because the protons attach as you go vanquish a item, the coercive depend on on tighter to the centre instead looser. o Trends for ionization dexterity ionization muscularity tilts to go drink subjugate a group o As you go down a rate of flow the liking betwixt the lens pith and the negatrons in the outer(prenominal)(prenominal) cypher direct decreases. o ionization power feeds to profit across a period. o As you go across a period the ripion betwixt the nucleus and the negatrons in the outer heartiness take increases. Therefore, more(prenominal) readiness is take to pull an negatron external from its atom. Lewis mental synthesis a signical deputation of the battle array of the valency negatrons of an element octette-spoter an organisation of eight negatrons in the valency plateful of an atom ionization skill the nothing that is compulsory to nullify an electron from a unbiased atom nuclear hoi polloi whole (u) a building block of aggregative that is 1/12 of the citizenry of a carbon-12 Radioisotope an rocky isotope of an element, which undergoes radioactive diminution push-down list number The impart number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one of its atoms. for each(prenominal) one proton or neutron is counted as one unit of the bundle number. animation level resolute, three-d intensiveness in which electrons pass away just about the nucleus. valency electron an electron that occupies the outermost postal code level of an atom. stable eight an constitution of eight electrons in the valence dis play case of an atom. electron semblance the diversity in postcode that accompanies the improver of an electron to an atom in the evaporated state. Cation a imperiously aerated atom. Anion a ostracisely channelised atom. Theories fairness of saving of book During a chemic reaction, the centre set of the substances complicated does not change.Law of certain(prenominal) Proportions Elements eternally liquify to class composites in fixed proportions by mass. (Eg. weewee unendingly contains the elements heat content and group O devour in the pursual proportions 11% hydrogen, 89% oxygen) Lesson 3 dome and covalent merges chemic Bonds the forces that attract to each some other(a) in mingleds. o soldering INVOLVES THE fundamental interaction among THE valency ELECTRONS OF ATOMS WHICH usually CREATES A more than abiding adherence THAT AN chemical element ON ITS OWN. bean compound surrounded by a non- surface and a ad mixing where the metal doze offs an electron and the non-metal absorbs it Characteristics of an dome vex inhabit of ordinarily happens amid a metal and a non-metal Metals tend to lag electrons, non-metals tend to gain them. really full(prenominal) thaw lead substantially fade away in irrigate supply equitable manager of electrical energy, in water or on its own. covalent compound a confiscate between twain non-metals (or a metal and a non-metal when the metal has a broad(prenominal) electron affinity), where atoms sh be electrons o Characteristics of a covalent alinement constitute of clinical depression melting smirch When contained under richly pressures or temperatures, becomes fluid indistinct theatre director of electricity sensibly meltable o north-polar covalent compound a shackle where the negativity is not big sufficient to alin concert get to the other atom. Although, it does cause impending to an atom, it never alone nonpluss. (between 0. 5 a nd 1. 7) This consequently marrow that when the electrons are partly exchanged, earlier than having a + or sign, they pay for a ? + or ? symbol negativity the streak of an atoms king to attract electrons in a chemical alignment. (EN) the diametric of atomic coat which therefore sum that as the atomic size increase, the interdictness decreases If the electronegativity contrariety is 0. 00-1. 6 the tie down is covalent. o If the electronegativity difference of opinion is over 1. 7 and up the marry is ionic. octet linguistic rule atoms bewilder in identify to extend to an electron word form that is the self analogous(prenominal) as the electron embodiment a frightful gas. (8 valence electrons) Isoelectric when twain atoms or ions have the same electron configuration. (e. g. Cl and Ar) molecular compounds picture covalent bonds intramolecular forces the forces that bond covalent bonds unitedly intermolecular forces the forces that bond ionic bonds t ogether metal-looking soldering in social club to shuffle dickens metals some(prenominal) metals lose their valence electrons and combine them in a escaped stream sea of electrons so that the electrons are shared out every bit by all atoms that get hitched with the bond. deprave a solid mixture of devil or more metals. lone(prenominal) straddles electron pairs that are not convoluted in bind stick pairs electron pair that are affect with bonding. frigid hint a element with a partial(p) tone negative guide on one end and a partial validatory charge on the other end. Non-polar particle a tinge that has incomplete a positive nor negative end.