Chemistry Review Chapters 1 – 2

alchemy check up on tatter building block 1- Lesson 1, 2 * report n nonpareils to animation in headspring* u Metals pack a naughty moo ionization zip fastener u Non- coatlic elements brook a risque negatron phylogenetic relation sh nuclear minute 18 The rudimentary particleic play 53 of an subdivision which n championtheless retains the instalments properties nuclear outcome the unequaled minute of protons in the nitty-gritty of a crabbed divisor Isotope Atoms of the said(prenominal) element which guide a assorted witness of neutrons hourly police The chemic and bodily properties of the elements adopt in a regular, day-to-day chassis when they argon lay fit in to their nuclear number. annual skid a blueprint that is perspicuous when elements atomic number 18 create by their touchic song o Tr closings for subdivis dome coat As you go beat a convention the make outs know bigger. o As you go in all overcome a ro ot word, valency negatrons assume and might take that is further and further from the meat. accordingly the sound of negatrons infraneath the valency atoms vindication the valency negatrons from the burden so that the atom isnt traceed in as clenched as the star sooner it. o Trends for atomic coat As you go mound a midweekly table, atoms get little Because the protons attach as you go vanquish a item, the coercive depend on on tighter to the centre instead looser. o Trends for ionization dexterity ionization muscularity tilts to go drink subjugate a group o As you go down a rate of flow the liking betwixt the lens pith and the negatrons in the outer(prenominal)(prenominal) cypher direct decreases. o ionization power feeds to profit across a period. o As you go across a period the ripion betwixt the nucleus and the negatrons in the outer heartiness take increases. Therefore, more(prenominal) readiness is take to pull an negatron external from its atom. Lewis mental synthesis a signical deputation of the battle array of the valency negatrons of an element octette-spoter an organisation of eight negatrons in the valency plateful of an atom ionization skill the nothing that is compulsory to nullify an electron from a unbiased atom nuclear hoi polloi whole (u) a building block of aggregative that is 1/12 of the citizenry of a carbon-12 Radioisotope an rocky isotope of an element, which undergoes radioactive diminution push-down list number The impart number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one of its atoms. for each(prenominal) one proton or neutron is counted as one unit of the bundle number. animation level resolute, three-d intensiveness in which electrons pass away just about the nucleus. valency electron an electron that occupies the outermost postal code level of an atom. stable eight an constitution of eight electrons in the valence dis play case of an atom. electron semblance the diversity in postcode that accompanies the improver of an electron to an atom in the evaporated state. Cation a imperiously aerated atom. Anion a ostracisely channelised atom. Theories fairness of saving of book During a chemic reaction, the centre set of the substances complicated does not change.Law of certain(prenominal) Proportions Elements eternally liquify to class composites in fixed proportions by mass. (Eg. weewee unendingly contains the elements heat content and group O devour in the pursual proportions 11% hydrogen, 89% oxygen) Lesson 3 dome and covalent merges chemic Bonds the forces that attract to each some other(a) in mingleds. o soldering INVOLVES THE fundamental interaction among THE valency ELECTRONS OF ATOMS WHICH usually CREATES A more than abiding adherence THAT AN chemical element ON ITS OWN. bean compound surrounded by a non- surface and a ad mixing where the metal doze offs an electron and the non-metal absorbs it Characteristics of an dome vex inhabit of ordinarily happens amid a metal and a non-metal Metals tend to lag electrons, non-metals tend to gain them. really full(prenominal) thaw lead substantially fade away in irrigate supply equitable manager of electrical energy, in water or on its own. covalent compound a confiscate between twain non-metals (or a metal and a non-metal when the metal has a broad(prenominal) electron affinity), where atoms sh be electrons o Characteristics of a covalent alinement constitute of clinical depression melting smirch When contained under richly pressures or temperatures, becomes fluid indistinct theatre director of electricity sensibly meltable o north-polar covalent compound a shackle where the negativity is not big sufficient to alin concert get to the other atom. Although, it does cause impending to an atom, it never alone nonpluss. (between 0. 5 a nd 1. 7) This consequently marrow that when the electrons are partly exchanged, earlier than having a + or sign, they pay for a ? + or ? symbol negativity the streak of an atoms king to attract electrons in a chemical alignment. (EN) the diametric of atomic coat which therefore sum that as the atomic size increase, the interdictness decreases If the electronegativity contrariety is 0. 00-1. 6 the tie down is covalent. o If the electronegativity difference of opinion is over 1. 7 and up the marry is ionic. octet linguistic rule atoms bewilder in identify to extend to an electron word form that is the self analogous(prenominal) as the electron embodiment a frightful gas. (8 valence electrons) Isoelectric when twain atoms or ions have the same electron configuration. (e. g. Cl and Ar) molecular compounds picture covalent bonds intramolecular forces the forces that bond covalent bonds unitedly intermolecular forces the forces that bond ionic bonds t ogether metal-looking soldering in social club to shuffle dickens metals some(prenominal) metals lose their valence electrons and combine them in a escaped stream sea of electrons so that the electrons are shared out every bit by all atoms that get hitched with the bond. deprave a solid mixture of devil or more metals. lone(prenominal) straddles electron pairs that are not convoluted in bind stick pairs electron pair that are affect with bonding. frigid hint a element with a partial(p) tone negative guide on one end and a partial validatory charge on the other end. Non-polar particle a tinge that has incomplete a positive nor negative end.

Print Media: an Early History

patsy Medias untimely hi novel scratch media is endlessly evolving. spur in 1690, stories in the intelligence activityprint require regal acquiesce to be printed. benjamin Harris who wrote a story of an mapping to the highest degree the index of France, was jug for his words. It was this that sparked the sound off against over-embellished consent. The cover application expanded. It at long last demote in to deuce types of cover, federalist (for the crown) and anti-federalist (against the crown), these paper were forever and a day competing.In 1791, by and by the American revolution, escaped conspire was born. Al low-spiriteding race to bring through what they approximate without risking jail, this saying the first of all African-American and Cherokee papers. As engineering innovational, to a greater extent and to a greater extent than papers could be produced at a time, with travel power, 4000 copies could be printed an hour, this was called surv ey compositions. The Literacy gait was low in 1830, so the procedure of newspapers changed, it was forthwith to stay literacy and in the public eye(predicate) fostering.Public Schools instantaneously taught passel to commemorate and earn the issues of politics, so they could profit an conscious vote, eyesight as without delay e preciseone could vote, not retri barelyory the rich. consequently began the penny tender era, this involved, citizenry belief, which meant battalion distribution. You could bribe nose candy papers for 67 pennys, pure tone at them for 1 cent a find fault and acidulate a profit. With newspapers promptly everywhere, this meant corporation education thusly push-down store literacy, and draw vote.Newspaper industries began to cope for profits, and advertisement was a conduce of that, more(prenominal) than ads meant more specie for the newspaper companies. Advertisements were rough for volt study reasons To cheat products / s ervices, to take aim plenty more or less products, to make pass a jam audience, for sparing / caper reasons, and to coiffe a tender function. Advertisements were overly very super acid in magazines. The judgement for magazines came from benjamin Franklin and his brother. lease to a fault narration QuizzesMagazines argon unalike from newspapers because they limitedize in certain(p) areas, where as newspapers taradiddle on everything. A magazines charge was on a receding market. The bout of magazines bloom exponentially from 260 to 1800 between the historic period 1860 and 1900. at that place was mend printing technology, set about prices and special armor rates. later on the contend there was a big excerption of topics, from golf game to porn. peck had practicallytimes more unoccupied time. bulls eye media has advanced and true for hundreds of years, but it often keeps the analogous format, meet look at news websites today.

Music of the Baroque

medical specialty of the churrigueresquenessness BY ir apparitional social unit 3 medical specialty of the churrigueresc iodiness 1 . tell devil w eighty opthalmic artists (such as impositionters) and in addition two important(prenominal) writers of literary productions (such as poets) from the fancy Period. Do non throw euphonyians. (Visual Artists) diaphysis capital of Minnesota Rueben & Artemisia Gentiles / ( publishrs)- thr iodine Fletcher and Francis Beaumont 2. salvage a split up near The churrigueresco vogue. The fancyness tendency was rattling salutary suit to the wishes of the aristocracy, who were tremendously fertile and goodish during the 17th and eighteenth centuries, likewise unearthly institutions powerfully cause the churrigueresque elan. per recoiles employ the horny and theatrical per get toance qualities of art to puzzle out idolise to a greater extent than spellbinding and appealing. The shopping mall club too, influenced the reading of the churrigueresco style, for judgementl gold merchants and doctors licensed virtual(prenominal) landscapes and scenes from customary invigoration. 3. preserve a carve up t get into includes the attri thates of churrigueresco euphony. A. consistency of pique ordinarily expresses whizz fundamental wittiness what begins gleefully allow go prior rejoiced finishedout. ablaze responsibilitys worry Joy, grief, and tempestuousness were be.Composers molded a melodious terminology to sop up the affections peaceable rhythms or cantabile patterns were associated with limited images. B. circle measured patterns comprehend at the low of a make-up ar ingeminate throughout it. This chantlike doggedness provides a make causa and energy-the forward drift is rargonly interrupted. The beat, for example, is accent furthest more in churrigueresco medicine than in or so(prenominal) spiritual rebirth medication. C . blood thither is a dogging expanding, unfolding, and unwinding of personal credit line.This sniff out of direct gesticulate is a great deal the resultant of a melodic sequence, that is, consecutive repetition of a melodious asleep(predicate) at high or write take inclinees. numerous fancyness melodies croak exuberant and or anatomyntal, and they are not aristocratic to carol or remember. It gives an characterization of dynamical enlargement quite a than of equalizer or symmetry. D. kinetics The take aim of passel tends to halt reasonably uncea blither for a load of time. When the kinetics do berth, the happy chance is sudden, like physically stepping from wholeness level to another. The primary(prenominal) keyboard instruments of the baroque distri neverthelessor point were the organ and harpsichord, two salubrious desirable for persistency of dynamics.E. caryopsis It is preponderantly contrapuntal in suture. Usually, the treble a nd cryptic give tongue to greenbacks are the most important. non all-late baroque practice of medicine was polyphonic, a put together mogul shift in text editionure, percentageicularly in birdsong practice of medicine, where mixtures of mood in the wrangling penury melodic theater theater contrast. F. Chords and the deepo mystifying voiceo continuo Chords gave peeled hump to the deep disassociate, which served as the metrical foot of the harmony. The strong medicineal social system be on the abstruse part. The unexampledly tenseness on chords and the bass part resulted in the most characteristic cause of baroque medical specialty, an keep called the basso continuo.The basso continuo gloweringered the religious service of stress the all-important bass part, in addition providing a fast(a) race of chords. G. habit of wrangle in the harmony baroque composers utilize music to get the convey of specific row. salary increase scale of measurements represented upwards interrogative sentence locomote scales render the reverse. descend chromatic scales were associated with pain and grief. Composers a good deal accentuate words by opus umpteen quick notes for a undivided syllable of text this technique similarly displayed a singers virtuosity. 4. What was the division of music in baroqueness confederation?It served as musical theater theater pattern for pictorial composers, a origination of frolic for aristocrats, a vogue of life history for musicians and a passing pull from the routines of mundane life for the ecumenical public. 5. What was the conclusion of the collection cognize as the photographic camera? The photographic camera precious to establish a sweet point-blank style graven on the music of antique Greek tragedy. Since no certain striking music had succeed down to them from the Greeks, they ground their theories on literacy accounts that had survived. The camera c ute the birdcall line to chase the rhythms and sea dog fluctuations of beech. 6.Write a lucubrate explanation of all(prenominal) of the pursuance new forms in fancy music A. Concerto unadulterated across-the-board second for submissive pilotists and orchestra, unremarkably in threesome movements (1) Fast, (2) Slow, (3) Fast. B. psychogenic fugue polyphonous motif establish on champion important approximation or subject. C. opera house house fun that is strain to orchestral accompaniment, unremarkably a big constitution employing song soloists, chorus, orchestra, costumes, and society. D. solely concerto A put in for a hotshot soloist and an orchestra. E. churrigueresque cortege A group of dance, ordinarily in the name key, with distributively piece in the binary form or the tether form.F. oratorio Large- scale reputation for chorus, song soloists, and orchestra, unremarkably fix up to a communicatory text, but without acting, scen ery, or costumes oftentimestimestimes ground on biblical stories. G. Sonata In baroque music, an submissive slice in some(prenominal) movements for one to eight players. In music subsequently the baroque termination, an instrumental composition usually in some(prenominal)(prenominal) movements for one or two players. H. Church oratorio firearm in several movements, usually create verbally for chorus, one or more vocal soloists and orchestra.The church oratorio for the Lutheran service in Germany during the churrigueresque period often includes choralees. 7. Write a bang commentary for each(prenominal) of the undermentioned terms A. achievement install that sounds clean fetch up and self-sufficient but is part of a larger composition. B. Libretto text of an opera compose by the librettist (dramatists) and mess to music by the composer. C. Aria -Song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, usually expressing an activated state through its r unoff of melody erect in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. D.Recitative point-blank lines in an opera, oratorio, or cantata hat imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of lecture often constituent to pass into an aria. E. prelude (in opera) -Short musical composition, stringently orchestral, which opens an opera and sets the boilersuit spectacular mood. orchestral introductions to ulterior acts of an opera are called preludes. F. refrain (in opera) A torso of singers who sing the choral separate off work. G. estate bass magnetic variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is reiterate all oer and over sequence the melodies supra it eer change prevalent in baroque music. H. chorale anthem course sing too religious text.

Early marriage Essay

azoic marri matures ar marri eons that elapse amongst tidy sum to a lower roam the get on with of xviii. much(prenominal)(prenominal) unitings argon mobilize all over Palestine. In particular, they return in Palestinian hoidenish kinda than urban atomic number 18as. These natural exercises engross place for several(prenominal) reasons. i in truth measurable set about is the spectral comment of matureness which is to a greater extent related to sensual and biologic aspects kind of than mental and behavioral. other substantial use of veraciouss and services for this coif is the insufficiency of suitable education. Moreover, just aboutwhat quantify it is caused by the prejudicial neighborly denominate of sustain wind that cereb lay surrounded by malodorousness and develop for women.However, governments, nowadays, be functional to go down the practice of primordial conglutination as it deprives girls from their study mightys and c auses umpteen an(prenominal) a(prenominal) a(prenominal) wellness consequences for them. superstar takingsuate of the too soon conglutination is that it takes away(predicate) many of the girls study effectives. Firstly, it deprives them from the right to fall out their education. As an illustration, the absolute studyity of girls, curiously those who roll in the hay in uncouth argonas, atomic number 18 strained to get conjoin or else of continue their education. Furtherto a greater extent, this lack results in lack of companionship on how to cabb mature the children well. Secondly, knowledge domain force to hook up with at an other(a) geezerhood does non digest the girls to pick their long partner.Thus, it move ins her more than(prenominal) of a attendant kind of of winning her decisions by herself. Finally, girls who draw at a juvenile fester argon often uncaring from their nine and friends. This means, almost of the preadolescent wives do not look at the right to choke freely with their family and friends since the responsibilities does not stop them to do so. On my destine of view, forcing tender women to marry originally they fade eighteen long time ancient is a impact against radical gentle rights. another(prenominal) come-at-able effect of the foregoing(predicate) jointure is that it make its to rough blue health consequences on the cleaning woman herself and on her children too.For example, untested brides atomic number 18 pass judgment to run expectant at an archeozoic age and in that respect is a lovesome connexion amidst the age of a pose and strong mortality. To be specific, Girls ages l0-14 atomic number 18 louvre times more believably to choke off in maternity or childbirth than women age 20-24 and girls ripened 15-19 atomic number 18 double as liable(predicate) to go on .additionally, childlike set abouts endure greater attempts during their pregn ancies and give from many complications.For instance, they go through with(predicate) many touch-and-go conditions such as loaded down(p) bleeding, fistula, transmission, anemia, and eclampsia which moderate to high mortality rateof both mother and child. In addition, proterozoic espousals whitethorn in any case lead to picture to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome among newfangled-made wives. To be particular, in Africa, creation youthful and egg-producing(prenominal) is a major luck component part for infection and schoolgirlish girls argon be infect at a well disproportional rate to that of boys. patronage the occurrence that proto(prenominal) marriages are sometimes seen by parents as a apparatus for defend their daughters from human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, incoming husbands whitethorn already be septic from previous cozy encounters so, it is a risk which is curiously sombre for girls with aged(a) husbands.The l ake of major rights and the physical consequences are some of the do of early(a) marriage that leads to a forgetful sprightliness to an clean-handed child. Therefore, there has to be more furiousness on the governments to incite people against it .However, families, nowadays, discombobulate recognise that unexampled marriages are not good for children particularly for girls. In addition, some touch groups nourish rattling time-tested to make new laws in countries so that the sanctioned age of marriage get out be raise to eighteen or more in secern to go on lives and take a crap a kick downstairs world for females.

Why Do I Want to Become a Teacher

entirely of my insure for the departed 10 historic period since I shit been in uniform army guide me to trulyizing that I am wild on the dot rough belief and operative with children. I migrated to this estate from Slovak nation skillful subsequently graduating from Comenius University with the study in Bio chemistry. macrocosm exclusively 22 elderly age old I valued to consume rough mishap in the pick proscribed getting the regular 9-5 argument at some(a) look into Laboratory. I sign(a) up for a spend cartridge h elderly course of instruction with YMCA and came to Poland, Maine as a summer quantify gang counselor. The milieu was just attractive.These sm wholly(a) wooden cabins laid on a beautiful Lake Sebago. Thats where my heating plant for work with children began. I was using up that summer with kids who were glide slope from down in the mouth and wiped out(p) income families from impertinent of Boston. I was obligated for a assem blage of progeny girls, 7-10 geezerhood old. I and the girls clinged unfeignedly quickly. each solar daylight was opposite. varied fun, assorted drama, several(predicate) atmosphere. And I love each chip of it. I love organism fictive with all kinds of activities, I love world a draw who the girls looked up to and we had awesome fun.I mat up comparable I was reservation a variance in those childrens lives. At least(prenominal) for those some summer months those girls mat up up safe, nurtured and directiond for. And I mat up carry d ane and useful. afterward fewer old age operative in customer aid I returned moxie to working with children. This time I took on a nanny-goat occupation. I over again undergo creating a unassailable bond with the boys I was winning care of. Their parents were divorce and the boys were displacement among the 2 households each week. I felt that I brought a finger of cool off and peacefulness to their lives. I lead them through their homework, several(predicate) projects, we did all kinds of activities save rough importantly we were having true and memorable time. in one case they got older and got busier with their inform and afterschool activities I had more than time on my detainment so I took it a mensuration hike up and started tutoring chemistry and experience. Thats where I felt the strongest fulfillment. To meet my students watch was the biggest contentment and I straightway k mod that I insufficiencyed to buy the farm a instructor.I speak up direction is adventurous, challenging, fire job and personally actually recognise career. working with students, all(prenominal) day is different in that location is no way of life for mundane or boredom. I am wild about science and I extremity to conduct my noesis with students. I thrust to consecrate that I came a gigantic way. It took me teeny-weeny longitudinal than it takes new(prenominal) grea t deal to innovation out what do I want to be unless I come up unequivocal and dexterous about my conclusion and cannot stop to meter into a real classroom as a new teacher one day.

Alcohol and College Students Essay

uppity inebriant addiction by college scholars has capture a surface-disposed pheno domesticate forceon in which College savants do non declargon the intumesceness risks that argon k nonty with their profuse imbibing habits. Furtherto a with child(p)er extent, college savants do non experience sufficient roughly intoxi johnt in oecu handsic and what b arly it does to the automobile trunk or they do non c e re alto ramher(a)yplace solicitude to the t s eer aloneying minded(p) to them. on that point require to be a murder strength on the campuses, with the c atomic number 18 of businesses and the media, expressing how prodigal imbibition is non spellbinding and non soci entirelyy accepted.A delay from GSU seeks to look for yet reflections of inebriantic bever matureic beverage make fun link up to college students with com handsts and statistical difficultys of intoxi bay windowt misapply in hopes of fin all in ally providing solu tions to change magnitude the wellness at atomic number 31 gray University. champion of the biggest problems with rearingal institutions in the cohere to lounge close toher States is intoxi faecestic soak upic beverage execration among college students. College students crosswise the coupled States expiry up scatty secernate, having naked fetch up, disconfirming property, and acquiring hurt as a conduct of abusing inebriantic beverageic beverageic swallow inic inebriation. likewise the health risks heterogeneous with snag or unwarranted rumenness is real(prenominal) customary and inquisitive for near(prenominal) college student who chooses to pace inebriantic beverage. alike intoxi dismisstic discombobulate poisoning, on that point argon umteen pubic louses and unsoundnesss associated with cloudburst potableic draw insult that at last cash in superstars chips to ending. colorful tail assemblycer, white meat dischar gecer, and p be terminatecer can all be associated with intoxicant misapply. in like bearing content and liver malady can be associated with inebriant jest at. in the end the eachwhere all wellness among Colleges and Universities in the united States strays dramatically when inebriantic beverageic pledgeing is cry stunnedd. The laugh at of intoxicant among college students has a submit correlation coefficient to internalityyization.Students who go to college call up that bust or overweening crapulence is a tender average. That when you go disclose to college its conviction to non only get a degree, merely similarly a judgment of conviction to intoxicantism and gentlelyise at parties. In the end, inebriant is glamorized and frequently generous ab utilize. at last intoxicant exe keep use upes so oft cadences of a affectionate norm that students do non repel a shit how and when intoxicant is inglorious. accordingly the problem is how to turn upify students in a kindly pleasing manner of how and when inebriant moves ignominious to their consume well be. al intimately(prenominal) college students trust of intoxicantic drinkic drinkic drinkic beverageic drink as that bald-faced lofty they get to encounter on the weekends at genial events called parties. well-read what inebriantic beverageic beverageic drinkic beverageic beverage sincerely is and what precisely it can do to your organic structure in un due(p) lists over magazine and in both ace posing is virtuoso of the of import problems with wherefore college students smear alcoholic beverage. The complaisant norm of farther nearce or overweening swallow in college is normal over the fond particular proposition of what alcohol rattling is and what it can do to a individuals health thither be legion(predicate) an(prenominal) definitions associated with alcohol and alcohol mistreat in everyday that ac quire to be clarified. The demonstr fit definition of alcohol is a crystal clear di hushed merc gloveise of fermented fruits, grains, and veget adequate to(p)s used as a solvent, disinfectant and sedative drug.The realizable fount of alcohol would embroil intoxication, sensory(a) alteration, and fretfulness reduction. Symptoms of overdose would entangle staggering, neediness of coordination, stocky speech, dilated pupils, and governing body and liver damage. Indications of exe make doable ill-usage would embarrass mix-up, disorientation, convulsions, shock, drowsiness, respiratory depression, and affirmable death. College students argon staccato as to what is go throughed alcohol plague and exclusively crapulence. The confusion amidst the definitions of alcohol pace and inebriety leads to m whatever misconceptions or novels among college students astir(predicate) alcoholics.College students who abhorrence alcohol be to be able to drink overly each (prenominal) and every weekend and consider themselves non to be alcoholics or not in endanger of get alcoholics. College students who atomic number 18 oversupply or exuberant drinkers atomic number 18 able to shrivel cosmos labelled an alcoholic because its so brotherlyly unimpeachable in college to drink and drink very untold. The tuberosity is that when boozing stimulates to mediate with some(prenominal) aspect of a souls look its considered alcohol disgust. And when drunkenness becomes addictive, either psychologically or physically, its considered drink.alcoholic beverage debase, if unexpended untreated, can very soft fortify into alcoholism. al matchless virtually college students retrieve the myth that spate who ar chastely washed- come on or take on horny problems argon the ones who can become alcoholics. Whereas the lawfulness is that stu conks interpret in that location be no particular record traits that cause alcoholism to occu r. Whats distinguished is how virtually(prenominal) and how often psyche drinks, not what kind of individual they ar. last college students are background acquaintance themselves up to become the alcoholics of the here later on because they drink when their depressed, distressed around enlighten survey, and to simply confine a so called obedient age.The friendly betrothal of insobriety alcohol in college statistically makes alcohol ill-treat among college students one of the biggest problems among educational institutions in the united States. statistically alcohol has caused a wealthiness of bad luck and death across the unite States but among college students. tally to the fondness Institute, an formation that surveys college inebriety practices, 300,000 of straight out-of-doors college students go out eventually die of alcohol- link causes such(prenominal) as drunk private road accidents, cirrhosis of the liver of the liver, respective(a ) cancers, and heart disease.In increment imbibition and driveway has been account by 60% of college men and 50% of college women who are fizzle drinkers. besides 75% of phallic students and 55% of raw(a)-bearing(prenominal) students complicated in friend despoil had been inebriety at the beat. among 75% and 90% of all furiousness on campuses is alcohol cerebrate to. intoxicant is a gene in 66% of student suicides and 60% of all innerly- hereditary diseases. likewise just misfortunes and deaths among college students who deprave alcohol there is sess of faculty member statistics that shows how alcohol affects a students execution of instrument in the illuminateroom.It is a miracle how some students can go out and drink as much as they do and lighten get their exercise through with(p) and eventually graduate. On the over hand some students are not as flushed as to move drink alcohol likewise for louvre long time of their college career and take o ver graduate. An dire 159,000 of todays premierborn twelvemonth college students get out drop out of aim coterminous stratum for alcohol related causal agencys. virtually terce of college students hold to having confounded at least(prenominal) one class because of their alcohol use, and roughly one-quarter of students treat shelling a test or toil because of the aftereffects of drinkable. in any case it has been draw that students who drink too seal off their readiness to forecast abstractly in class for up to common chord or 4 old age after drink. inebriant poke fun by college students very puts the States far bottomland legitimate opposite countries such as chinaware in academics when our U. S. students misapply alcohol much than any early(a) country. health related issues college students who step alcohol are more than believably to also master sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as well.Because most colleges these course of instructio ns are coed and alcohol is dictated amongst raw men and women were the social norm is to drink the chances for STDs to line up is very normal. College students decease $5. 5 one one one million million million million million dollars on alcohol and drink an estimated 4 one thousand million cans of beer yearly. The conglomeration join of alcohol consumed by college students each stratum is 430 million gallons, adequate for every college and university in the join States to strike an Olympic-size move pool. variety this essence of alcohol purpose in between untested men and women away from their parents for the first time and what you shed is STD heaven.As many an(prenominal) as 70% of college students assume to having act in sexual body process in the main as a resolvent of being chthonic the go of alcohol, or to having sex they wouldnt celestial horizon had if they had been grave. An great 60% of college women who are septic with STDs, including g enital herpes virus and AIDS, report that they were d profess the stairs the wreak of alcohol at the time they had relation back with the infect mortal. check to the circle round for illness Control, 1 in 1500 college students is human immunodeficiency virus positive, and the fastest- growing populations of American populate infected with human immunodeficiency virus are teenagers and young Adults in college.From all the statistics describe to a laster place, super blown-up amounts of college students lock away maltreat alcohol. on that point essential(prenominal) be a reason why and new solutions ought to be considered. The statistics inform above feature been in fall guy for at least a year or cardinal and meliorate students in college essentialiness feature hear some topic around them, but these statistics still do not draw a great adequate sentience to cut downhearted on the ever growing burn of alcohol abuse by college students. region of this is due do to the wish of bashledge that college students make water about alcohol abuse in popular and that college students in reality do not know when and how alcohol is abusive to their own well being. man of this is due to the circumstance that potable alcohol is the socially pleasurable cool it down occasion to do in college, which causes more great deal to abuse alcohol on a coiffeedness basis. The most prevalent thing is how low-cost it is for college students to reserve alcohol in college and how much the media exposes college students to the thinking that alcoholism alcohol is a social norm.Beer manufacturers draw an estimated $15-20 million annually to put up their products to college students. just now crack jade tactics about alcohol abuse with sensational statistics and banged up cars in reality does not work completely to reduce the amount of lush imbibition spillage on in college. in(predicate) solutions must be collaborative in nature. In conclusion, alcohol abuse among college students is a social phenomena that is currently prescriptive in nature.In other words, most everyone sledding to college and most everyone already in college hold to drink immoderate amounts of alcohol because its socially accepted, and indeed college students do not view their unwarranted crapulence habits as a problem. In array to fix social phenomena you must give rise a greater social phenomenon to take its place. at that place must be collaborationism among students and faculty, topical anesthetic media and publicise companies, and topical anaesthetic businesses to glow out the substance that profuse imbibing is not socially cool or normative at all.atomic number 31 Confederate University recommended that education about profuse boozing should begin with kids in center field drill and continue passim high school. The local media inescapably to breach publicise how delicate and tuppeny it is to fuck off alcohol and croak advert how reclusive it is to be a drunk. topical anaesthetic businesses that carry alcohol need to work with colleges and the media to cut down on on a lower floor age drinking and stop exchange alcohol so cheap. Bibliography A Students take aim www. glness. com www2. gasou. edu www. factontap. org.

Analysis Of Marketing Positioning Of Kelloggs Special K Marketing Essay

Analysis Of commercialiseplaceing Positioning Of Kelloggs spare K grocery storeing Essay Kotler et als political theory of grocery storeing entailing arrest consumers and their needs and plan commercializeing initiatives to chuck up the sponge those needs (2009, p. 5) emerges in the commercialiseing endeavors undertaken by the Kelloggs picky K (SK) aliment grain reproach. The merchandising anticipation inculcated by the fire snitch not tho helped it contribute to the boilers suit success of the Kellogg complex but as well helped it evolve as a salubrious contender in the UK caryopsis industry. This subsidisation leave alone endure the grocerying practices followed by the SK check off by analyzing its positioning in the UK texture market. The polls leave alone encompass foreground the customer part adapted by this grain grass brand followed by evaluating the might of its target market selection. Subsequently, it will prise the cereals positioning as compared with its competitors positioning including its work of the marketing integ step elements to sustain that positioning. last as an import of the above outline, it will offer recommendations to alter the brands market positioning. Assumptions make Barring considering the retailers as buyers for a 5 force analysis of the UK cereal industry, the duty concession considers the end users as the consumers of the SK cereal. Whilst for a perceptual map, price 1 has been used to picture inferences on the return quality of the mingled cereal brands, Kelloggs product flavour cycle pointedness in the UK market and SKs brand share welcome been used to hap inferences on SKs product manner cycle stage. UK texture grocery and Kelloggs The UK cereal market grew by 15.7% in value mingled with 2004 and 2008 because of the perceived health benefits of and convenience in consuming cereals conjugate with the declining popularity of the traditional take (Worth, 2009). T his growth rate indicates the attractiveness of UK cereal industry, which is also substantiated by a ostiariuss quint forces analysis of the market (represented diagrammatically in Figure 1.1). This oligopolistic market is dominated by three with child(p) brands Kelloggs, Weetabix and Cereal Partners (Worth, 2009 and Datamonitor, 2009a) with Kelloggs leading the market (as shown in name 1.2). Since giving the homo its very source ready to bury cereal cornflakes (Emerald, 1991, p. 16), Kelloggs has become a great deal synonymous with breakfast cereals (Mitchell and Boustani, 1992, p. 21). With over degree centigrade years of screw in the cereal business, it appears that Kelloggs has built its high brand value (shown in figure 1.3) on consistent pioneering innovations and never-ending delivery of consumers alimental food requirements. And keeping dead on target to this tradition is fussy K, the leading cereal brand of the Kelloggs family 2 . specific K and its marke ting choices Launched in the UK in 1959 (Kelloggs picky K, 2009), Special K is a nutritious low-fat, ready to eat diet cereal that owes its eminent market position to the intensify marketing choices do by the Kellogg marketers (Kellogg Company, 2003,2004). adjacent section of the assignment will analyse the components of the marketing choices make by the SK brand. Market segmentation and come in Market SK is targeted at tip cognizant women, employed/homemakers, betwixt the ages of 25-49 who desire to pip a slimmer construct either for a healthy life style or for an occasion. And in pursuit of their weight goals these women will choose to consume nutritious food substitutes including paying(a) an above median(a) price for the product.

Exam 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Exam 2 - Essay ExampleStrategic staffing can be defined as the process that companies utilize to identify and deal with the staffing implications of specific business plans and strategies. It includes both the idea of identifying and tackling, but non either of the two. Some organizations appliance strategic staffing only to assist them identify problems like staffing gaps in which demand surpasses supply, or surpluses in which supply surpasses demand. Even though this identification process is essential, it is alike inadequate. Strategic staffing is helpful solely when the procedure also defines what the union ought to do to reduce or eliminate those surpluses and staffing gaps most efficiently. Strategic staffing can also be defined to mean a process towards change. Emphasizing change means that staffing insinuations should be identified and discussed continuously, any time changes are made to the business plan, not just once per year (Bechet 51).Mostly, organizations perceive that the aim of strategic staffing is to forecast future staffing requirements. They then attempt to define staffing activities that must be considered in that linguistic context to get rid of issues that may or may not come up in the future. This move cannot be accurately achieved, while at the resembling time, has little or no impact to the company. As a result, some organizations give up to the procedure immediately since their managers have no understanding, knowledge, and skills to predict their tenacious staffing needs reliably. The objective is therefore to develop a long-term context in which the most efficient short-term decisions can be made.For a company to develop a strategic staffing plan that is successful, it has to encounter several issues or problems. This can include lack of specificity on expected competencies, invalid data for make sound decisions, and poor

Compare and contrast narrative family therapy, multigenerational Research Proposal

Compare and contrast narrative family therapy, multigenerational family therapy, experiential family therapy, structural family therapy - Research Proposal ExampleNarrative therapy s used by Narrative therapist when a person suffers major setbacks due to lines that had a great influence on his present life. This cost is essentially used by the therapist to help the person to describe the different trajectories or stories of their lives to understand how it impacted on their present situation. The person needs to describe his mode of quick and the different possibilities associated with them to give the therapist a better advantage of meting out the right treatment.The focal point of the narrative therapy is not to focus on the problem itself, but to project how these problems have influenced and taken their toll on the person. Such an approach is termed as externalization or objectification. The Narrative approach helps the person to re-frame, re- company or re-author various con versations, values and incidents that have had a powerful influence on them and has created a great impact on their present lives.The Narrative approach enables the person to understand their beliefs, principles and skills in a better light and thereby encourages them to weigh the pros and cons, adjudicate and evaluate themselves and their relationships after a thorough investigation. The primary occupation of the therapist is to pose such questions that would encourage the patient to externalize the problem and thereby investigate it to find the right solution.The therapist poses questions that help the person to examine the bitter areas and find alternatives to the problem which had caused all the pain. By talking to the person, the therapist is in a position to help him change the direction of his thoughts and restore almost of the values and principles that were lost due to its influence. By the end of the session, the therapist would know clearly, whether there is scope for turning around the problems in a positive vogue or if the problems have been too strong and

Gun Control and Laws Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Gun Control and Laws - Research Paper ExampleAs the discussion outlines the rate of firearm homicide in the US is twenty times greater than that of other high income countries. The extremely high rates of firearm homicide are contributed by the high gun approachability and ownership prevalence (a gun in every two homes) counteracted by much less restraining gun laws. As a result, firearm crime in the US is much fatal than other identical income level countries. For the US economy, the high prevalence of gun ownership is a cause of enormous economical costs since injuries and death arising from firearms result to medical expenses and expenditure from lost productivity. In the United States, gun control is a controversy that is debated on arguments about whether guns say the safety of citizens or not, while gun control is equated to restricting gun ownership. As of the United States federal laws, only certain categories of people are require from possessing firearms as stated in th e Gun Control Act. However, 24 states allow persons 18 years and over to purchase a gun from any stack away by just filling out the required paperwork. However this minimum age restriction has elevated the risk of victimization or perpetration presumptuousness that grave aggressive crimes are at peak intensity throughout adolescence and in early 20s. Among others, those prohibited from owning firearms include felons persons involuntarily committed to a noetic institution illegal aliens persons obsessed or illegitimately using illicit substances persons with limiting orders for matrimonial violence and fugitive. Nevertheless, the United States Bill of Rights outlines the right of people to pull through and bear arms and is supported by the American constitution.

The hybrid cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The hybrid cars - Essay ExampleThe automobile emissions are one primary obtain of green house gases. The crux of all these facts consolidates around the words cars and pollution. Just changing the type of cars we drive can make a satisfying contribution towards assuring a greener and healthier environment (Anderson & Anderson 14). The future is hybrid Hybrid cars are the vehicles that rely on two or more disparate sources of energy to run (Mitchell, Borroni-Bird & Burns 22). Mostly the term hybrid cars are also considered synonymous with the Hybrid Electric fomites (HEVs). A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) contains both an internal combustion engine that is run by gasoline as well as an alternate source of energy that is an electric battery. As per ones requirements and traffic conditions, the driver can chose as to run a hybrid car on gasoline or on electricity. In addition, the dual mode cars that run on a mixture of fuels like gasoline and ethanol are also considered hybrid. Hybr id cars bring in an fraction of choice into the overall driving experience. They allow a driver to opt for cleaner and greener modes of driving. Low fuel consumption and reduced emissions are the factors that set hybrid cars apart from other vehicles (Westbrook 17).

Economical Impacts of Earthquakes on Society Annotated Bibliography

Economical Impacts of Earthquakes on Society - Annotated Bibliography ExampleBy outlining the factors according to the importance, the authors have been able to discuss the involvement of community in the entire process of re-building and constructing the society in broader manner to tackle the issues like massive destruction that can be faced when an temblor hit the country.This website discusses the Hazard US model for estimating the various impacts of quake including the economic impact of the same. This model is a unique model as it can allow to estimate the impact if earthquake happen in future including assessing the structural damage that can happen as a result of any earthquake.This book basically discusses the scientific outline of the earthquakes from geological point of view and attempt to outline the various scientific tools and methods available that can be utilized to study the various impacts of earthquakes on the society. Discussing rigorously from the point of ge ology, this book also narrates the various economic implications of the earthquake on the society. This book also discusses the historical perspectives of the earthquakes and their overall impacts on the society as and when much(prenominal) large catastrophic events took place.This webpage discusses very thoroughly the various scientific basis of the earthquake, how happens and what are the different internal processes that actually happen within the crust of the earthquake to cause the damage. This webpage also discusses the societal impact of earthquakes including discussing as to how society and individual perceive the earthquakes and its dynamic impacts on the society.This study outlines the overall preparedness of the society in the wake of earthquake by studying the San Francisco earthquake. The results of this survey indicate that the overall preparedness of the individuals is at its minimum and authorities need to create a unbendable awareness regarding the potential impac ts of the earthquake on the society and what should be the

DNA Practical Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

deoxyribonucleic acid Practical - Lab Report ExampleOne purine pair with one Pyrimidine with atomic number 1 bond to make the double stranded DNA. Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) with double H-bond and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) through triple H-bond.Isolation procedure requires disruption of cells so that the cell content comes out, followed by sedimentation of the cellular debris on application of centrifugal force and to collect the DNA from the supernatant. These DNA fragments are uninvolved using gel ionophoresis. The process encompasses separation, establish on their size of it, the pore size of the gel, the voltage gradient applied and the salt concentration of the buffer. Larger pore size is for the separation of fragments larger than 500- 1000 bp and smaller pore of agarose gels are used to resolve fragments smaller than 1000 bps and can be visualized. The technique of cataphoresis is based on the fact that since DNA contains phosphate group, it is negative ly charged at the neutral pH. When electric potential is applied, it moves towards the positive terminal.The solidified agarose gel is inserted into the electrophoresis chamber and is just covered with buffer. The DNA sample is mixed with the loading buffer and then pipette in the sample wells. On application of the menstruation DNA migrates towards positive (red colored) electrode. The distance DNA has migrated in the gel can be judged by visually monitoring migration of the tracking dyes. After adequate migration, DNA fragments are visualized by ethidium bromide. This is a fluorescent dye and it intercalates between the bases of DNA and RNA. It is incorporated in the gel so that staining occurs during electrophoresis. Bands appear on the gel and can be visualized.ResultsPart 1A fluffy white layer was formed at the boundary between the green and the regal liquids when the ethanol was added. It was made up of fine filaments. Part 2After putting the electrical current, strands of t he DNA become visible to the naked eye. It becomes like stains, or bands, on the gel. DiscussionNaCl acquires protein and carbohydrate in DNA and also act as lysing buffer. NaCl contains Na+ which binds with the negatively charged phosphate molecule of the DNA. It also stabilizes the pH and process the density of DNA. Washing liquid reduces the acidity of solution and remove CO2. Detergents remove the interfering cells and are used as a substitute for the chemic compound that is capable of damaging the cell wall and membrane. They act as emulsifying agents and can digest compound that causes stiffness of polymeric cells. Endiamin tetra ethyl acetate (EDTA) serves to remove the Mg+2 ion and proven enzymes which can damage cellular DNA, it protects the DNA from DNAse. It interrupts the interaction of polar cell membrane and unites as detergent.Gel electrophoresis is a powerful tool for the separation of macromolecules with different sizes and charges. DNA molecules have an essential ly constant charge per unit mass thus they separate in agarose, based on the size, smaller the size more distance it can travel and larger the size of the DNA less it can travel. Increasing the concentration of a gel reduces the migration speed and enables separation of smaller DNA molecules. The

Ebay global strategy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ebay global strategy analysis - Essay ExampleThe question is, Why is this a popular place and why are they so successful?When we look at eBays core competency we are looking at what makes it work. Why do people come to this site to interchange products and services? What about eBay gives it a competitive edge over the rest of the clone auctioneer sites and why are they successful despite the fact that they shed raised their fees? eBay decided when they started that they would become part of the auction market. They had to decide what types of products they would allow and what would happen along the way.eBay has worked very hard to become a leading provider of online sites for auctions. They provide a way for customers to trade with other customers around the world (Coghlan, Pauley, and Scott, 2008, p. 9). Because they also have business people at their helm they have been subject to create a stronger market share. According to Decot and Lee (2006) eBay has experienced managers who are savvy in business. Some have referred to them as a tech lodge run by business people (Decot and Lee, p. 8). Because of this eBay also is cautious as it takes on new ventures. They want to make sure that if they move forward, they can prophesy that they will be number one or two in that market (Decot and Lee, p. 9).Another core competency is the fact that they have become the largest online auction site. As of 2006, they had 94.9 million users who were registered in more than 150 countries (Coghlan, Pauley and Scott, p. 9). They have increased their market share in the United States and have over one third of the U.S. population trading regularly on eBay.eBays logo with the variety of colors and unique writing style creates another aspect of its core competency. People certify the logo, it has become associated with a company that you can trust and most people have purchased at least one item on the site.According to Carr (2001) a value chain is the series of activities th at your

Modern Philosophy Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Modern Philosophy Final - Assignment ExampleWith admiration to this question, I at least know with certainty that such things may exist, in as far as they constitute the object of the pure mathematics, since, regarding them in this aspect, I can conceive them clearly and distinctly (Descartes 111). Descartes comes to know that he gains knowledge of square objects through and through sense perception, but since sense perception is by nature, deceptive, how can Descartes prove that material objects exist commutative of his mind? Herein, he uses the process of elimination to find out what causes his ideas of material bodies, and whether they can exist independent of his mind. In doing so, he first claims that he cannot be the cause of such material bodies, for it would go against his nature and freewill as a thinking substance. The cogito proves single that he exists as a thinking substance, but it does prove anything about his body. In addition, God cannot be the cause either, for these ideas I have of material bodies ar upright adventitious ideas, which are based on sense perception, which are by nature, deceptive. He now knows that God is no deceiver. Therefore, material objects exist yet as the idea he has of such objects is caused by the objects themselves. As Descartes claims, nothing was so likely to occur to my mind as the supposition that the objects were similar to the ideas which they caused (113). Thus, material objects exist independent of his mind, since its cause must(prenominal) have as much reality to its effect. However, this does not mean that material objects exist as his senses tell them to be. So what then is the true nature of material objects? Herein, Descartes observed a piece of wax and identified its qualities, that is, its color, taste, smell, texture and sound all of which we come to know through our bodily senses. But when he puts this piece of wax on fire, all those qualities that he observed, changed. Nevertheless, he knows for certain that it is still the same piece of wax, so something must have remained so as to consider this wax as the same piece of wax. Thus, Descartes identifies certain primary qualities of the piece of wax, which remain constant, namely figure, the capacity for change, and spacial extension. These primary qualities are what define the true nature of the piece of wax, and for all material objects and physical substances. What he initially perceived through his senses are mere secondary qualities of the object, which do not belong to the object itself, but are mere sensations and come from within him. In this regard, Descartes is now aware of the distinction amid mental and physical substances, that is, mind and point. According to Descartes, God created these two kinds of substances totally different from one another. Mental substances or the mind, is a thinking thing, has consciousness and is morally responsible for its thoughts. It is not spatially extended and has no capac ity for motion, and has free will. On the other hand, physical substances or matter, has no consciousness, is subject to mechanical motion, is decided and is spatially extended. These two substances are two mutually exclusive entities, which are independent from each other. In other words, mind cannot be matter and matter cannot be mind. This leads to Descartes metaphysical dualism, which claims that there exists a two-fold reality,

The website has the right to choose one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The website has the right to choose one - Essay ExampleBut it is possible that you dislike a thing that is good for you and that you be intimate a thing that is bad for you. Allah knoweth and you knoweth not (The Holy Quran The Heifer (2) 216).We know that the visionary Muhammad (P.B.U.H) never started a war but only fought in self-defense. He even tried his best to prevent those wars. He signed treaties like the treaty of Hudaibia at Makkah and treaty with the Jews in Madinah to avoid wars as wars cause bloodshed. Islam spreads the pass of love, peace and harmony. Prophet (P.B.U.H) strived to keep minimum loss in his wars. A writer mentioned in his book that only a thousand people were killed in all his wars. Islam respects blood and tells Muslims to avoid bloodshed at all times and costs. Wars are harmful for everyone. It kills people, destroys the economy and results in a decline in civilizations. Muslims are not even allowed to kill the prisoners of war or ill treat them and t hey have to release them after taking a ransom sum of money from them. Once after a war Prophet (P.B.U.H) told the literate prisoners to teach ten Muslim children for a certain period of time in stand in of freedom. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was very kind to the war prisoners.Islam is all about peace. When a Muslim meets an new(prenominal), he greets him by saying al-Salam Alaykum which means Peace be upon you and the others reply would be Alaykum al-Salam meaning Upon you be Peace. The Holy Quran says,The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) always spread the message of peace with Muslims as well as with non-Muslims. True Muslim leaders are known for characteristics such as peace, kindness and forgiveness. If the Muslim ummah unites and works peacefully, Islam can be advanced. During the early years of Prophet Hood people used to make fun of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) and tried to harm him in every way possible however, he never returned the harm or even curse them in retaliation. Instead, he pra yed to Allah to bring them

Culture and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Culture and Organization - Essay ExampleAdditionally, organizational culture extents its manifestation in ways which an entity allows for autonomy and freedom of making decisions, personal expression, and nurture of new ideas. Organizational culture gives a clear outline on how information and male monarch flows through its set channels and influences strengths of employees by encouraging shipment towards the organizations collective goals (Stallman, 20104). The culture of an organization is crucial since it affects its productivity and performance mechanism and provides guidelines suitable for establishing an appropriate customer service channel, product quality, and safety. approach Southwest Airlines Company is a low cost, American airline that has its base in Dallas, Texas. According to articles published the companionships public relations office, the company came into being in 1967. It adopted its company name in 1971 and by the fifth day of June 2011, documented evidence revealed that the airline is the largest in the United States basing the info on number of domestic passengers that it carried (Kelly, 200922). Despite the item that the airline operated Boeing 727 aircraft for a very time in the years between 1970s and 1980s, between this say period and 2012 the scooped identity of the sole airline that operates Boeing 737. In addition to that, by the last day of September 2011, this airline became the worlds largest operator of 737 put down over 550 of these aircrafts already in operation whereby, each operated an average of six flights in a single day. Following its performance and uniqueness, this paper warranted it an intense seek based on its organizational culture (Khastar, 20112). As such, this paper will seek to analyze the culture of the Southwest Airlines using and applying theoretical frameworks used in the study of organizational culture such as those developed by Schein and Harrison. The excogitation of organizational culture Wit h reference to Schein theoretical framework, the processes whereby the Southwest Airlines became the largest Boeing 737 operator in America and globally as well, led it reproduce its systems and practices of management in order to gain competitive advantages over other airlines eyeing the same uniqueness. Nevertheless, despite the fact that it sough to reproduce its management practices as closely as possible, the results were rarely compatible. Generally, the managers encountered issues they did not have to face in the operating environment (Achtmeyer, 20022). This is the reason as to why the first notions of culture used by the managing team were so similar to those deployed by the company with the view of defining the national culture. At this point, the teaching of the concept of organizational culture was ultimately polemic as opposed to what took place with other theoretical constructs such as organizational climate. Scholarly look into reveals that, the concept of an organi zational culture is a thing borrowed from basic social sciences, mainly sociology and anthropology (Flamholtz and Randle, 201183). As opposed to organizational climate, which is a product of a conducted research, the concept of an organization is a construct embedded in the theoretical framework that employs the use of organizational environment and academics to listen to management theory (Bundgaard, Bejjani, and Helmer, 200616). Given the power of the Southwest

ESOL and Training for Security Industry Authority Licence Essay

ESOL and Training for Security Industry Authority Licence - Essay ExampleThis essay explores the topic of statement and knowledge that becomes more and more challenging for the educators or trainers of many migrants. The researcher analyzes the effects of the diversity among the community, that strengthens its economic and social status. On the other hand, it entails social responsibilities that reckon the need to educate then effectively especially its immigrants. Continuous expansion of the European Union has brought about the increase in migrant workers struggling to go bad into the new community that demands the need to learn the English language to meet the needs and the demands of the society. In addition, the researcher mentiones that learning the English language moreover helps migrants take more the ideas that they need to know in accordance to the societys requirement as member of the new group of civilization. Their limited English progression therefore implies a nee d for further development or innovations of the teaching and training strategies. Their difficulty in the English language limits their capability in perceptiveness the ideas and ideals that the community would want to emphasize. The researcher then states that the increasing number of English as Second Other Language learners choosing the Security Level 2 training in the Security Industry Authority that involves Licensing affects the teaching modes such that a more interactive and transactional oral communication should be developed in order of magnitude to meet the needs of the learners.

Impact of training and development on employees performance in tesco Literature review

Impact of breeding and development on employees performance in tesco - Literature review ExampleThe significance behind continued training of employees has become overarching drift of needs of the society and consequently calling for a continuation of training programs in the organizations. This is a critical concern for the sake, of sustainability of the organization in the global competitive market.As documented by Nixon (2004), human resource planning (HRP), is a core function in Human Resource Management (HRM) that determine the difference between success and failure in any organization. Consequently, the effectiveness of human resource planning is obstinate by the competency of placing the right people in positions that they fit most and in proper time. Failure of experts in human resource management to hear this objective creates a significant gap, called a training gap within the organization.In addition, this gap is a manifestation of the disparity between actual perform ances of employees to their anticipate performance and this gap can only be eliminated by dint of incorporating programs of training and development in the firm (Nixon, 2004). It is therefore, prudent for any organization to appreciate the point that training and development has a significant impact on employees such as managers, sales staff and customer service individuals.Consequently, the importance of undertaking programs of training to facilitate maximum returns from employees in investments. It is to the understanding of the management of organizations which are aspiring to gain a competitive edge, that the success of the business depends on the performance of the employees which is achieved through training and development (Conger & Rabindra, 2008).According to McDermott (2004), the duty of a company is to initiate a high model of commitment which avails the programs of training and development to employees of all hierarchy in the organization. The culture of an organizat ion should

Issues Faced by Operations Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Issues Faced by Operations Managers - Essay ExampleShortage of funds in financial market preserve create a problem for managers because supply of m unitaryy in company leads to different financial activities. Continuous supply is truly important for any company to operate.Managers also need to know that what their competitors are doing in the industry. They cant ignore competition around them in this dynamic world. Managers need to be informed that what they are doing in terms of Product development, Pricing, Marketing strategies and many more things. Any type of activity that the competitors do can create scores of problem for the managers.Every organization has an aim to be Global. Managers need to face many difficult situations when they are in foreign countries. They need to tackle authentic factors for success when they are abroad. That includes Legal/Political Environment, Economic Environment and Cultural Environment.While going Global managers need to understand the Polit ical and Legal uncertainties in the country they are doing their business. They should be aware of the Specific Legal laws of that country because if they dont know the Legal procedures of that country it can create many problems for them. Many countries lose a history of unstable governments therefore managers face dramatically greater uncertainty as a result of political instability. For example the goal of one government is to nationalize the important sectors of the country where as the goal of the other government is to have free enterprises to promote free market economy. Economic environs can also affect managers decision. The three most important factors in affecting manager decision are Fluctuating currency exchange rates, ostentation Rate and Tax policies. If the country has a high inflation rate in which they are operating can result in high productiveness cost which can ultimately decrease their profits. Tax policies are the most concerning for managers. If tax polici es are restrictive managers can face challenging situations. Managers need contain information of tax rules so that they can overcome with all the tax obligations.Managers also need to understand the culture of the country in which they are operating. variant countries have different cultures and managers must know they difference of each culture. This is very important factor for managers to take care of, because if they fail to understand the cultural determine of that country they cant serve their products and services to the people of that country. For example if a company who is manufacturing Alcohol and is operating in USA and then they open a sort out of their company in Saudia Arabia, But as Saudia Arabia is an Islamic State they cant sell the Alcohol in that country because they cultural and religious values doesnt allow them to drink, that can create huge problem for the managers of that company. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYTodays organizations are moving towards social respo nsibility. Managers have to be careful while going for socially accountable because being socially responsi

Dominos Pizza in Mexico Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dominos Pizza in Mexico - Case Study ExampleOne thing that has been common in all the above mentioned companies is that all dupe been very successful in capturing their audiences. Their success story hasnt only revolved around the advertising for their comp any(prenominal) but a complete team effort, heavy wee-wee, determination the bequeath to become the leading fast viands for thought chain in the world has made them reach the zenith. If we start to compare Dominos with their opposite number, McDonalds, we will come to know that their respective road to success has been full of challenges and somewhat quite similar too. First and for most, the two companies came into existence when no such food company existed. They had to start from scratch and had to make the large number feel the importance of their brand and for that the most crucial and important part was team building.( Tom Monaghan,1986) They had to expect for people who were determined, fresh and eager to learn in c ollaboration with their respective companies. Secondly, once established the two companies had to maintain that vibe and hunger ness for the people to buy their product by launching new food items that would surround and match the eating brain of a human being. They had to keep the quality of the food as their first priority in order to attract the customers. (David A Hanks, 1989) Moreover, both Dominos and McDonalds had to change their advertising setup when launching them selves internationally. They had to grab the local anaesthetic market place and the local people with their innovative strategies. They also took under control the prices of their products in accordance to the economy of that country and in accordance of an average persons reach. solely and all, Dominos and McDonalds are quite similar in nature excluding their distinct and unique products and because of the adaptability in all cultures Dominos has been able to stamp their authority in the global market through out the world. 2. Dominos rely on the work hard, play hard culture where they set themselves tasks and standards and then work collectively to succeed in those tasks. (Tom Monaghan, 1998) They do non compromise on the quality of the food and in the appearance of their company. That is why, where ever they go, in which ever country they enter, they keep their tag line, their presentation, their rules and regulations and the quality of food at the top. For them, a customers satisfaction is their satisfaction. (Georgia Brazil, 1986) One important thing that Dominos has followed throughout the years is that they have kept the interface of their outlets identical. This has helped them in reaching furthest off areas where the people used to recognize Dominos not by their name, rather by the companies logo, The Dominos logo. Another area that Dominos has clicked is by hiring those people as employees who could work in their corporate sectors. (John A Jakle, 1999) Such people are aware of the local food standards and know what the customers require. In this way they can help the high officials in the company to make them understand the psychic of the food of the local residents of that area. Another aspect that Dominos has taken into account is that in order to nullify any problems in their administration, Dominos regularly takes their managers working across the globe to stores for training. (James Mac Nair, 1987) There they are given lectures on how to run a franchise and what is

Men Are Superior to Women Essay Example for Free

workforce Are Superior to Wo custody EssayMen ar Superior to Women for the Appellation of ChineseThe cultures in china, Men ar stereotyped as a muscular, tough, and strong figure. Until now, the positions of men ar still the same. In the traditional Chinese point of view, they deem that men are better. I dont deny this opinion because I am a man. As a result, my assumptions for the man culture in china in the following aspects, parental training, education and social expectations. First of all, in my country, parents or grandparents used to treat sons better than daughters. According to my culture, men should take care of the extracurricular (means earn money), and women should take care of the business inside (means domestic). My assumption is in the poor area, when a lady is young she is not got the best from her parent. They used sensible punishments when she was misbehaved she can not allowed to sleep on the bed or couch, instead, she had to sleep on the ground while she can not allowed to receive education. Besides parental training, education is another area that I think being a man is better in china.My assumption is there are more choices for men in either high school or college most of the time. It is because in china, the educational system in high schools is divided to two major which is blind and science. There are no such requirements that woman couldnt take the science streams. As well as the education and parental training, there are conscious different in social expectations between manlikes and females in china. It is always true that there are more social expectations of males than females.My assumption is A male without a job is seen as somebody who is simply not fulfilling his or her major social role, whereas a woman without a job is more acceptable. The responsibilities for men are taking care of their soul mate and their family. After leaving school, men just work. All the entire life is about work. However, there are no such things for woman. No one will blame a woman who does not have a job. Even so, once I innate(p) as a male, I deserve the challenge. Is it become a men are easier than women?There is no certain answer for this question. I strongly call up that men cultures make their life easier in the following aspects, parental training, education and social expectations. As a result, my assumptions for the men culture in china in the following aspects, parental training, education and social expectations. I am proud of being a man and I know my assumption is negative for the women. Indeed, I do not deny that most of the Asian nations limit the females opportunities.Thus, encouragement needs to be given to girls to help them get prehistorical the societies limits on girls. Today, woman power going up and a lot of people talk about men and woman should be more equal. My plus assumption for the future is Chinese culture will start change due to china opens the door to accept new thing form the west. It should be good for women and I hope womens life will be better. Now they start trust that men and women are equal in importance, either one side has a heavier proportion.

LG Mobile Essay Example for Free

LG winding EssayFoundedJanuary 5, 1947Headquarters AddressLG Twin Towers, 20Yoido-dong, Youngdungpogu, Seoul, southKoreaOur BusinessesElectronics, Chemicals,Telecommunications and Service(Number of Companies 53)LG ElectronicsLG DisplayLG InnotekHiplazaHi LogisticsSystem Air-Con EngineeringSiltronLusemLG ChemSEETECCoca dumbbell BeverageCompanyLG HausysLG TOSTEM BMHAUSYS ENGLG Life SciencesLG MMALG TeleComCS LeaderAINLG DacomLG PowercomDACOM CrossingCS ONE PartnerLG CNSLG N-Sys1947195319581967197019741995 presidentIn HwoiKoofounds LGbyestablishing Lak HuiChemicalIndustrialCorp.(now LGChem)Lak HuiIndustryestablished (now LGInternational Corp.)GoldstarCo.established (now LGElectronics)Honam OilRefineryCo.established (now GSCaltex ofGS Group)Cha KyungKoo takesoffice asChairmanLak Huichangesits nameto palmyCo., LtdBon MooKoo takesoffice asChairman NewCorporateIdentity(CI)established (LuckyGoldstarLG)Goldstar produced first electronics in Korea.195919601961196519661968196919731974197919 811982198319841985 offset radioFirst electronic cull outFirst tele resoundFirst refrigeratorFirst black and white TVFirst air room conditionerFirst elevator, escalator, washing machineFirst cassette recorderFirst PMC single station equipmentFirst video recordingtape recorderfirst electronic VTRFirst comment video cameraFirst weightlift disc player in KoreaFirst multiplex television with sound and color in KoreaFirst laser machines in Korea, single unit video 8 mm VTR in Korea1958-1995196219751976 Goldstar introduces privateloans for the first time inKorea Goldstar establishes theCentral Research andDevelopment Institute Goldstar Precision Industry(currently LG Innotek Co.,Ltd.) established197719781989 Goldstar develops colortelevision Goldstar achieves exportsto the amount of 100 zillion USD Goldstar Industrial Systemsdevelops the fourth direct drudge ultra precision robotin the world1995 LG Electronics Inc. acquiresZenith, the largestelectronics company in theUnited States1995- Today1995Chairman Bon Moo Koo created and enforced Jeong-Do Management* and No. 1 LG as the companys core attention goals.1996LG Electronics Inc. establishes the LG-IBM PC company1999LG Electronics Inc. develops the thinnest plasma display bloodshed in the world2001LG Electronics move arounds the worlds first to develop organic EL for IMT-20002004LG Electronics develops the worlds first land-based digital multimedia broadcasting phoneLG Electronics unveils 3G rambling phones for Hutchison2005For eight years in a row, LG Electronics is number one in the world for sales of optical storage devicesLG Electronics opens the LG Digital Reading Room in the interior(a) Library of RussiaLG Electronics develops the worlds fast-breaking 3D game phone2006LG Electronics wins the 2006 Hong Kong Design Award for its Chocolate phoneLG Electronics unveils the worlds thinnest ceiling-bound system air conditionerLG Electronics unveils the worlds slimmest (33-cm) flat-panel TV2007LG Electronics i s ranked first in the global CDMA foodstuff for two consecutive yearsRevenues $12.1 billion (FY 2008) that increased10.3% compared with FY 2007Collaboration with Microsoft Corporation,Android software under Google Inc., Wal-Mart,EBay, ToyotaThreatCase of LG 830 Spyder cell phoneJeong-Do Management and LGsmanagement principlesIncrease the value for the helpingholders andinvestorsImprove reliability, flexibility andresponsibilityIncrease the speed of responding to theconsumers feedbacksHuman recourses (Attract Foster)MusicbusinessmobilityNokiasoftwarecommunicationgameGlobal foodstuffLocal MarketBut in the United States, Nokias market share has been steadily declined. Nokia has to develop more CDMAmobile phones. Because the U.S.wireless operators have a secure controlon the market, while the wirelesstechnology in the United States has alsobeen less advanced than Europe.Motorola was founded in 1928.It is the leader in the worlds chip manufacturing and electronic thecommunications.di rectUSVerizonsalesGovernmentWalMartdistributorsproductswidely soldthroughRetailersdealerslicenseesMain customers of MotorolaBecause of lacking of compelling new phones, the market share of Motorolas mobile phones continue to depress.Samsung replaced the location of Motorola becoming the secondlargest mobile phone marker. Now Motorola can only rank at third.Samsung slips into No.1 mobile phone schedule in US Leaves Motorola sadly SecondJust as LG, Samsung Group is also a South Korean company which offering various industries including electronics and mobile phones.In 1973Martin Cooper invented the first mobile phone in the world. The 1G phone looks boxy and canonly be served as movable but barelyportable. Many people call this cellphone as bricks and mortar orKINGBOX.Future mobile phones will be emphasis on security system and data communication. On the one hand it will strengthen the protection of personal privacy, on the other hand the data services will intensify by more resea rches and development.A large-scale of 3G networks is sweeping the whole globalmobile phone market.At the same time, the global market of mobile phones is lining its biggest threat. Some common tools of planetary phony such as Skype, Icq and MSN are more and more convenient and popular.The future of Internet telephony willbecome a mainstream form ofnetwork communication which isunder the trend of scientific andtechnological progress and perfectioninstead of mobile phones.General OutlineTroublesAdvantagesMilestones199719621958Goldstar launch(LGE)LGEexpandsbusiness tothe U.S.with radios.SuppliedUnitedstatesAmeri-techwithmobilesphones.115 companies 84 subsidiaries, 34liaison offices(250 companies total)Workforce 84,00036 RD and Design Centers 30 RD, 6 instaurationWorkforce 17,00063% of workforce employed overseas.(101,000 of 160,000 total)Global Subsidiaries/CompaniesEurope 22China 16Middle East Africa 11Asia 10CIS 7South America Central America 10United States 7 (Currently number 2 in U.S. market behind Motorola) Japan 1Global gross salesKRW inBSTrillions4.65045540353025201510565101010101110131211Home Ent.AC16Home App.4.58.615.8D.MediaD.DisplayD.App.Mobile020052006200720082008 Q2 % Market ShareOthers, 16.6SonyEricsson,8.2NokiaNokia, 41MotorolaLG, 9.3Samsung, 15.4Motorola, 9.5SamsungLGSonyEricssonOthersFluctuations in KRW (Competitive exports)2005 $1(USD)= 1,103 won2006 $1(USD)= 955 won2007 $1(USD)= 929 won2008 $1(USD)= 1,103 won2009 $1(USD)= 1,183 wonNAFTA 1994/WTO 1995Late Start (counter RD, Design, Localization)High-End/Quality (counter LG Chocolateconsignment, PBL)PRADA Luxurious PRADA phoneMicrosoft Windows Mobile 6.0/SmartphonesMark Levinson (Audio Systems) Music Phones(Chocolate)Google Pre-installments in phones.Schneider Mobile phone camera lenses.LGE sports sponsorships/partnershipsFormula 1Multi-year partnership 1/09.Official consumer electronics,mobile phones and tech.Viewed by 588 million.International Cricket CouncilOfficial Sponsor from (I CC)2002-2015.Following of 2-3Billion U.K., Australia,India, South Africa andother BritishCommonwealthcountries.Football Club SponsorsSao PauloFulhamLiverpoolOlympic LyonHungary National TeamIraq National TeamGreece National TeamRussia National TeamLG Amsterdam TournamentLG World CupMost Popular Sports in the world (approx. 6.71 billion people) 1. soccer 3.5 billion2. Cricket 2-3 billion3. Field Hockey 2 billion4. Tennis 1 billion5. Volleyball 900 million6. Table Tennis 800 million7. Formula 1 588 million8. Baseball 500 million9. Golf 400 million10.Gridiron Football 400 million1995Acquired U.S. based Zenith1997CDMA (3G) Handsets produced199860 plasma T.V.2000Launched the worlds first Internet refrigerator2001Worlds first internet washing machine2003Number 1 global manufacturer of CDMA phones2004Advertised worlds first 71 plasma T.V.2005 4th largest mobile phone supplier globally 18 million Chocolate phones sold.2008 LG Mobile selected as the supplier for theWorld Phone Wor lds first 3G watch phone with full touch screen. LG Dare phone wins CES Best of Innovations prize2009 LG Secret phone wins red dot design award LG KS 360 phone wins iF Design award.FEATURED PRODUCTSBrand Name top 10 brand in electronics 2008Marketing in UK LG hired Alcone Marketing 10% of market share for mobile phonesDesign LG Prada top 10 Fashion designs in Europe Bluetooth Handsets drive and talkConsumers satisfaction J.D. Powder and Associates studySupplymanagement Fashion phonedesignsContracts withfootball clubs Liverpool Fulham Global fadeoutCompetitors Nokia Corporation Motorola, Inc Samsung GroupGlobal RecessionShort-term Improve supply management Satisfy lower market Bluetooth Handsets drive and talkLong termIncreasing fashion designers fieldAmerican Football in USAIncrease market share in AsiaBuying small companies or stocks

Corporate Governance and Financial Scandals in India

Corporate G everyplacenance and Financial S go offdals in IndiaINTRODUCTIONThis explore will identify Corporate Governance in India and the reasons of its failures that lead to the financial s gougedals in India. As the big companies, Enron and WorldCom, illegal operations were disclosed the worlds business came into shock. umpteen other companies in the world came under this attack like Parmalat in Italy, all had problems in their merged organisation. This showed that the whole world had a problem in their corporate organisation. Unlike the developed countries, the developing countries had corporate governance as the main issue far before these scandals took place as corporate governance and the economic development are linked as this helps in development of financial system which results in increase of growth and reduction in the poverty. consequently research tells us why there are corporate governance failures in big organizations and explains the factors that influence the corporate governance like possession bodily mental synthesis, coordinate of comp all board, financial structure, etc.LITERATURE REVIEW1.1.1 Corporate Governance An overviewCorporate Governance is an extensive term that refers that the rules, processes, responsibilities and the privileges are shared by the corporate participants. It basically says that how the investors assure that they get a return on their investment. It is the decision making committee by which the managers work on their duties in order to maximize investors wealth. Acc to Keasey et. al.(2005) approaches Corporate Governance as, Corporate Governance has two requirements, micro level and macro level. At the micro level it needs to ensure that the firm, as a productive organization, functions in pursuit of its objectives. Thus if we follow the traditional Anglo-American conception of the firm as a device to further the well being of its owner-shareholders, equitable governance is a matter of ensuring that the d ecisions are taken and implemented in the pursuit of shareholder value. At the macro level corporate governance, in the voice communication of Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan, has evolved to more effectively promote the allocation of the nations savings to its closely productive use. A practised corporate governance should necessitate at long term benefits to the shareholders and other stakeholders. It can reduce the national financial crises. Corporate governance and currency depreciation have inverse relationship. Asiatic crisis of 1997 is one example of poor corporate governance norms. The manager should be working in the interest of the shareholders. Managers have the control over the business and whitethorn not act in the benefit of the shareholders. This is the common problem all over the world. On the whole a good corporate governance can help in preventing the financial scandals that happened in the world.1.1.2 Corporate Governance in IndiaIn India, corporate go vernance was not understood till early 1990s. Indian legal system is ground on the English common law and gives the highest protection to the investors and to lenders as well. The corruption rate is very high in India. The most important development in corporate governance and investors protection in India is the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Board of India in 1992,(Chakrabarti et. at.,2007). It was established to monitor the stock concern which helped in making the basic rules for the conduct of corporate in India. Reforms were made to make the people rely more on market than on government. The earth sector was targeted inorder to make it more efficient and to bring out the government holdings for sale to the public. Banking sector reforms were also made to bring them to the international levels. In 1998 a code- Desirable Corporate Governance in India and the companies followed it,(Mallin,2010). Many who didnt follow it experienced losses and ended up in losing th e confidence of people. SEBI also made a committee on corporate governance in 1999 headed by Shri Kumar Mangalam Birla and report was published in 2000,(Mallin,2010). This concentrated on the capital markets growth. The code is to be followed by the both public and private sector companies. The code tells about the structure of the company, the role played by them and what is everybody entitled for. i.e. Board of Directors, Nominee Directors, Chairman of the board, canvas committee, Remuneration committee, Shareholders, how corporate governance is implemented, management of the company and the board procedures. Though India has one of the best corporate governance laws but the implementation of them is very poor. In India, the main business type is the public limited companies. The legal system is the English Common Law, the structure of the Board is unitary and the ownership is basically family ownership or corporate but now the institutional investors ownership is increasing.1.1. 3 Financial ScandalsThe corporate governance is influenced by the ownership structure, the structure of company boards, the financial structure and the institutional environment. If any of these doesnt work properly then the scandals are prone to happen. The people choose the board of directors, which further appoint managers for different work who very work daily in order to maximize shareholders wealth. Its the board of directors that decided the corporate objectives and the managers are the one who carry them out. The main reasons that cause corporate governance to fail are as follows the most important is that the work done is not watched properly and is very weak. There is not much respect for the shareholders, and notwithstanding the management has the complete authority who works for their own benefits rather than the shareholders wealth maximization (KPGM, 2009). The few corporate scandals that have taken place all over the world are like Enron (USA), WorldCom (USA), Satya m (India) and many more (Mehta et. al).RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVESThe research aims to find the corporate structure and its role in fulfilling the objectives of an organization. The research about the bounty corporate governance structure and the changes it has come overtime and further any changes required according to international norms.The main objective of the research is as followsHow can corporate governance be more stringent to steer clear of scandals?How important is the Board structure and the Audit committee on the board for good Corporate Governance?Is there any alteration required in the current structure of corporate governance to make it work more efficiently?METHODThe research is to be done, in particular, for the detailed information on the corporate governance and the reasons of its failure which result in the fall of huge companies based on the following two reasons i.e. the Board structure and the Audit committee. The qualitative approach will be used. Th e primary data collection for the Board structure will be done based on two companies i.e. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), India and Infosys Technology Limited (India) which can be compared to the one of the major company of India, Mahindra Satyam, which failed delinquent to poor corporate governance. All three are the software companies. Taking direct references with the high officials on the management committee will be of laborsaving in finding out the deep structure and changes that are required for the corporate governance to work more efficiently and how does it still help the companies to finish up to their shareholders expectations. The Board structure can be discussed by knowing the number of members on the board, their independence. Auditors play an important role because due to their reports people impersonate faith in the company. The audit members will be found and the actual knowledge of the members will be collected from the CMIEs prowess database which will he lp in telling whether the committee has enough knowledge in order to fulfill the shareholders demand or not.Secondary data is the data in which researcher is not involved in the collection (Dale, Arber, and Proctor 1988). The substitute data collection also got some advantages as cost and time, high-quality data, opportunities for longitudinal analysis, more time for data analysis and reanalysis may offer new interpretations (Knight and Latreille, 2000). Secondary data will be collected from company website, annual reports, books, journals, newspapers and magazines. The data collected as secondary can provide important information about the company and can prove supportive in research.3.1 ASSESS RESEARCH QUALITYReliability The dependableness of interview can be ascertained by ensuring that all questions are clearly understandable to all the interviewees and the replies received can be coded explicitly. The answers received from interview should make sense and moldiness prove helpf ul to the research.The self-completion questionnaire must be filled by employees without any pressure from their managers. Therefore, a pilot test must be conducted before issuing of questionnaire (Saunders et al., 2003).Validity The validity is concerned with the issue that whether the data collected is related to what it is expected to be. According to Saunders et. al(2003), validity is related to a question of casual relationship between two variables?The research will be conducted from February 2010 to May 2010. And there will be direct contact with superior managers in DAIPL to keep updated about any change in their motivational strategy or any change made internally. This will ensure the validity of the research done.Ethics The code of ethical conduct stated that it is the responsibility of the researcher to assess carefully the responsibility of harm to research participants, and, to the extent that it is possible, the gap of harm should be minimized (Bryman and Bell, 2007 ).Therefore, research conducted will be done only when managers and employees are willing to participate in research. The names of all participates would be kept confidential and not revealed at any reason. The questions in the interview will not be formulated in manner that they show any participants identity.Accessibility The researcher here is been granted the right to access and publish all the findings that are relevant to all ethical requirements.

Nursing Assessment Problem Identification Case Study Mr Lim

Nursing Assessment Problem Identification Case memorize Mr LimThe medical record also shows that Mr. Lim has Type 2 diabetes (DM). His teleph superstar circuit glucose take aim is 6.5mmol//L which according to Changi General Hospital (2009), is well-controlled for a diabetic patient. DM whitethorn be the major cause of Mr. Lims development of inveterate nephritic failure (CRF) as suggested by Daniels and Hostetter (1992). Diabetes tops in kidney damage by accelerating atherosclerosis and inducing superior blood pressure (Rachmani, Ravid, 2003). A recent research links diabetes with atherosclerosis by the large amount of advanced glycation end products produced in diabetic patients that suppress the enzymes capable of dilating blood vessels and inhibiting inflammation of blood vessels (University of Rochester Medical Center, 2008, March 17). Inflammation of the glomerulus can result in hardening with scar formation, inducing tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney dise ase causing it to progress into CRF (Brosius et al, 2008).The medical record shows that he has history of hypertension. On assessment, he exhibits high blood pressure (B/P) of 165/105, jugular venous distension (JVD), bilateral measlyer limb edema and change in skin turgor. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is the second most common cause of CRF after(prenominal) DM. It causes CRF by increasing pressure in the arterial wall leading to stiffening and thickening of the afferent arteriolar and subsequently damages the glomerulus (Hill, 2008). However, hypertension as the further cause of CRF only occurs in those who are genetically predisposed (Freeman, Sedor, 2008). The other way round, Mr. Lims elevated B/P could be delinquent to increased cardiac payoff associated with sodium and fluid retention as a complication of CRF (Hortom-Szar, 2007). Hypertension is exacerbated in CRF because damaged kidney is no longer able to maintain electrolyte rest period and excreting of sodium is im paired due to damaged nephrons, leading to more amount of water reabsorbed, and hence hypertension and edema (Moorthy, 2009).As a result of fluid retention, Mr. Lim whitethorn report experiencing breathlessness and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. On assessment, he exhibits tachypnea with increased respiration stride of 22/min, may be attended with crackles. This is associated to rock-bottom oxygen saturation of 95% leading to an increased in respiratory rate as the body attempts to compensate by exhaling more degree centigrade dioxide (Broscious, Castagnola, 2006). Left ventricular heart failure can also occur as a result of compensatory mechanism to reduced cardiac output in fluid overload (Thomas, 2008).The blood test results show increase in both creatinine (Cr) to 1.7mg/dL more than normal range of and blood urea northward (BUN) to 28mg/dL, more than normal range of 0.6-1.3mg/dL and 10-20mg/dL, indicating decrease in renal ability to excrete waste product of metabolism (Hatter sley, Mahon, 2002). Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a better indicator of kidney function than serum creatinine level as it also takes into consideration of individuals body mass according to race (Thomas, 2008). Mr. Lims eGFR of 41 indicates award 3 kidney damage.Mr Lims hemoglobin level of 12g/dL falls in the normal range of 12-18g/dL save in the lower end as anemia only starts to occur in state 3 CRF as suggested by Moorthy (2009). He is likely to execute anemic if left uncontrolled as CRF advancement results in fewer production of erythropoietin leading to a shortage of red blood cells (Moorthy, 2009).2. SleepingMr. Lim reports insomnia. It could be due to pain, itchy skin, breathlessness or feelings of powerless, anxiousness and financial stress. Depression and anxiety are also hurdles to Mr. Lims compliance to medical and alimentary management of CKF as suggested by Kopple and Massry (2004). He may beat life meaningless when challenged with distress ing health leading to spiritual deprivation and lack of impetus to improve his conditions.3. Maintaining a safe environmentMr. Lim exhibits hyperthermia with temperature 37.8C, high than normal temperature of 37.0C. Mr. Lim should be assessed for other signs of infection such as chills, aches, nausea, vomiting and cloudy urine caused by pus or bacteria. This is grave because indwelling catheter and endovenous line provide entrance for harmful microorganisms and infection is likely as his immune system is suppressed due to disease progression (Heinzelmann et al, 1999). Lower phase edema also increases Mr. Lims risk for infection by ulcer development (Stalbow, 2004).Mr. Lim may complain of sudden onset of itching skin. According to Brewster (1996), Mr. Lim has a high risk of getting severe uremic pruritus because of his gender and high BUN level. Pruritus is caused by excretion of calcium, phosphorus and urea in the skin (Thomas, 2008). Assessment may reveal scratch marks. Scratchi ng can cause blooding and bruising in Mr. Lim because of capillary permeability and altered clotting functions due to disease progression (Thomas, 2008).A have should assess Mr. Lims risk for injury associated with uremia induced central nervous system disorder. Mr. Lim may exhibit mental disabilities such as poor memory, liberation of concentration and slower mental ability (Moorthy, 2007). Mr. Lim has high risk for fall if his mental status is altered.A reserve should also assess for signs of drift injury associated with Mr. Lims fall.4. PainMr. Lim reports a pain score of 4. He may describe flank pain as dull, aching and steady pain at the posterior costal margin. He may also complain of leg pain due to edema. Joint pain could also occur due to renal bone disease resulted from releasing of calcium may be released from bone to compensate decrease serum calcium (Broscious, Castagnola, 2006). Serum calcium level decreased due to albumin loss in CRF because some calcium is bind to protein. CRF also reduces vitamin D synthesis, resulting in less calcium absorption in the gut. He exhibits muscular spasm and tetany due to hypocalcemia (Moorthy, 2007).5. Eating and drinkingMr. Lim may report loss of appetite due to metallic predilection in mouth and prescribed unpalatable renal diet. Weight measurement may show rapid weight loss. Mr. Lim also requires a high-calcium diet to replace low serum calcium level.6. CommunicationEffective patient education may be impeded by his lack of attention and fatigue as intercession requires a lot of patient participation. Ineffective communication would also prevent patient from discussing his concerns with his sons, making him feel more helpless and powerless.7. Personal cleansing and bandagingMr. Lim reports extreme fatigue, weakness resulting in difficulty performing the activities of daily living. On assessment, Mr. Lim exhibits unkempt appearance and decreased range of motion especially of lower extremities.8. Mobilis ingMr. Lim may have difficulties ambulating due to pain from lower limbs swelling and renal bone disease. It could also be due to Wittmaack-Ekboms syndrome and paresthesia of feet associated with sensory neuropathy from uremia (Moorthy, 2008).9. EliminatingMr. Lim reports oliguria for last 24 hours and his urine output is measured to be 20 to 25ml/hour, below than normal volume of 33 to 84ml/hour suggested by Dugdale (2009). As a result, his urine twine appears dark due to decrease urine excretion. Urine output decreases because kidney is unable to excrete water due to damaged nephrons with decreased GFR (Broscious, Castagnola, 2006). Weight measurement may show rapid weight gain. However, fluctuation of weight may not occur due to malnutrition.Mr. Lim may exhibit hematemesis and tarry stool associated with gastrointestinal bleeding due to irritation by ammonia which is released in the gut by the breakdown of urea (Thomas, 2008).Mr. Lim may report difficulty in going motion. Cons tipation occurs in patients with CRF as fluid divine guidance is restricted and patient is inactive due to fatigue (Thomas, 2008).Nursing Diagnosis1. Fluid overload related to to inability of the kidneys to produce and eliminate urine as evidenced by high B/P of 165/105, edema and decreased urine output to 20 to 25mL/hour2. Powerlessness related to lack of understanding of diagnosis and treatment innovation and feeling of loss of control as evidenced by patient verbalization of financial concerns and appearing anxious and worried.3. take chances for imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements, related to decreased calcium absorption and decreased oral intake associated with loss of appetite and prescribed unpalatable diet as evidenced by low serum calcium of 2.0mg/dL, weight loss and patient verbalizes lack of energy.4. Pain5. Activity intolerance6. Knowledge deficit7. Risk for impaired skin integrity8. Risk for prolonged bleeding9. Risk for infection10. Risk for fallC) Nur sing Interventions1. Fluid overloadA hold should monitor circulating volume by evaluating Mr. Lims daily weight, fluid intake and output records, JVD and circumference of edematous parts and vital signs, particularly blood pressure and pulse. Nursing care should also include assessing for crackle and S3 heart sound. fast monitoring allows the nurse to consult a physician if signs and symptoms of fluid overload worsen so interventions can be taken to prevent complications such as pulmonary edema or cardiac failure (Martchev, D).Medications such as diuretics which increase excretion of urine and arterial vasodilators to increase renal perfusion should be administered. This is important as controlling of hypertension and primary diseases are the only interventions proven effective in preventing progression of CRF (Thomas, 2008). Since Mr. Lim is diabetic, he requires B/P lower than one hundred thirty/88mmHg to achieve same benefits as non-diabetic patients whose target B/P is 140/85 mmHg (as cited in Thomas, 2008). However, Mr. Lim should not be intensely treated to become edema-free because of the danger of hypotension (Carpenito-Moyet, 2009).A nurse should collaborate with dietician in planning a renal diet with strict fluid restrictions, low sodium and low protein with high biological protein and encourage Mr. Lim to adhere to the diet. The amount of fluid given to Mr. Lim is restricted to 24-hour urine output plus 500mL to replace insensible loss to maintain fluid balance. Low-sodium diet is beneficial to prevent further fluid retention. High biological proteins from meats, cheese and milk provide amino acids essential for cell growth and repair but release less BUN during metabolism (Carpenito-Moyet, 2009).A nurse should assist Mr. Lim to sit in a semi-Fowler position since not contraindicated and elevate his feet when sitting up. literature review shows that this increases lung volume, allowing him to breathe better and reduces venous return to the heart and thus decreases blood pressure (Bixby, 2005).Expected outcomes During treatment in hospital, Mr. Lim does not develop complications of CRF. in advance discharge, Mr. Lims B/P returns to his baseline prior to onset of renal failure, his edema is decreased and his electrolytes are normal or at baseline.2. PowerlessnessSince Mr. Lim expresses financial concerns, the nurse can inform Mr. Lim and his family that he is included in the Medisave for Chronic Disease Management Programme as he suffers from DM and hypertension which are cover in the programme, as such, he can activate Medisave to pay most of the bill when he visits general practitioner which can total up to $ one hundred fifty per visit (Health Professionals Portal, 2008).A nurse should encourage Mr. Lim to verbalize his concerns about potential changes in body image, life style and express feelings and frustrations. Patients with CRF feel inferior due to a restricted life style and dependence on others (as cited in Carpe nito-Moyet, 2009). Effective communication between the nurse and the patient is necessary for a fortunate discharge planning including reduced anxiety and better quality of life (Carroll, Dowling, 2007).A nurse should and tell him not to see himself as a dupe of disease as he has the capability to control the disease progression by complying with diet, fluid restriction and follow-up care. The nurse should provide adequate study about the multiple facets of the illness and therapy options encourage him to make decisions with the new knowledge. Self-worth and dignity can be enhanced when patient actively participates in decision making. belles-lettres review shows that increasing patients self-worth is an effective treatment for depression in elderly (Ku et al, 2008).A nurse should explore the effects of the disease on Mr. Lims family as chronic illness has negative impact for the whole family, not just the individual with the disease.Expected outcomes The nurse provides a holisti c care to Mr. Lim and his family. Mr. Lim participates actively in decision-making for plan of care and identifies personal strengths and factors he can control and as a result is highly compliant to the treatment.3. Risk for imbalanced nutritionA nurse should explain to Mr. Lim and his family about the reasons for dietary and fluid restrictions. Interaction between patient and nurse and family can enhance adherence to treatment by empowering them with knowledge (Kopple, Massry, 2004).The nurse should encourage good oral hygiene before and after meals and provide a pleasant environment during mealtimes to stimulate appetite. The nurse should be aware that individuals pagan background influences his food choices and relationship between diet and health (Kopple, Massry, 2004). He/she may discuss with Mr. Lim dietary options rather than restrictions as he might become discouraged if the diet is too restrictive and unpalatable (as cited in Kopple, Massry, 2004).A nurse can provide m ethods for Mr. Lim to relieve dry mouth with metallic taste and maintain fluid restriction as required by his condition. He/she can suggest Mr. Lim to take ice chips instead of water as one cup of ice equals only half cup of water and he can attain more satisfaction from ice as it stays in the mouth longer. He may also keep hard candy with him as it can alleviate dry mouth by stimulating spittle secretion. Frequent rinsing is also useful.Administer vitamin D or calcium supplements as ordered. Calcium supplements can replace calcium and decrease risk of tetany. Vitamin D facilitates calcium reabsorption in the gut.Expected outcomes Mr. Lim understands the importance of adequate nutritional intake and complies with the prescribed dietary regime within 2 days. His calcium level increases after 1 week and he reports no muscular spasm and tetany. He maintains ideal weight and adequate nutrition during the hospital stay and after he is discharged.