Religious Symbolism in Grimms Rapunzel Essay -- Grimm Rapunzel Essays

Religious Symbolism in Grimms Rapunzel A fairy tale is seemingly a moral fiction, intended mainly for children. A lesson in particular analysis, however, strips this guise and reveals the naked truth beneath fairy tales are actually vicious, logical and sexual stories wearing a mask of deceptively easy oral communication and an apparent moral. Two 19th Century writers, the Grimm brothers, were masters at writing these exaggerated stories, bewitching young readers with their prose while padding their stories with allusion and reference an example of which is Rapunzel. Grimms Rapunzel is packed with religious symbolism, which lends a new insight to the meaning of this classic story. The relation between Rapunzel and the story of Christianity is apparent immediately as a result of the setting. The witchs tend is described as a beautiful garden full of the finest vegetables and flowers, depicting perfectly the Garden of Eden from Genesis. Now, with the scene in place, the Grimm b rothers begin further correlational statistics between the two stories. The witch, indicative of the serpent, tempts the mother and father with her rampion so that she might steal their child. In the story of creation, the serpent has the same idea in mind for Adam and Eve. The serpent knows that if man sins against God, he is unable to enter heaven and therefore must face the alternative, a life of eternal wretched in hell. In eating the forbidden fruit, the parents are cursing their child, humanity, to a life apart from God. But, just as with Adam and Eve, the parents must also run away earthly hardships, characterized by childbirth. In Genesis 317, Eve is cursed to bear children through intense pain consequently, Rapunzel was born. ... ...shown through Rapunzels response. The witch learns of Rapunzels interaction with the Prince and places her in the desert, and when the Prince climbs the tower to seek Rapunzel, he marks the witch waiting there for him. At this point, th e witchs assumption and belief that she has won coincides perfectly with Satans arrogance in believing that by killing Christ, he would forever have dominion over man. To the witchs dismay, the Prince hurls himself from the tower, putting out his eyes on the thorns below. This is symbolic of Christs conscious sacrifice for humanity on the hills over Nazareth. The Prince wanders blindly through the desert, and, after several years, is reunited with his beloved Rapunzel. Ultimately, the storys happy ending is a realization of Gods promise that through Jesus Christ, we are forgiven and find everlasting life.

Career Biography of John Locke Essay examples -- John Locke Philosophe

English philosopher, who founded the school of empiricism.Locke was born in the village of Wrington, Somerset, on August 29, 1632. He was educated at the University of Oxford and lectured on Greek, rhetoric, and moral philosophy at Oxford from 1661 to 1664. In 1667 Locke began his association with the English statesman Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st earl of Shaftesbury, to whom Locke was friend, adviser, and physician. Shaftesbury secured for Locke a series of minor government appointments. In 1669, in one of his official capacities, In 1675, after the liberal Shaftesbury lost is power, Locke went to France. In 1679 he returned to England, but in view of his opposition to the Roman universality favored by the English monarchy at that time, he soon found it expedient to return to France. From 1683 to 1688 he lived in Holland, and following the so-called Glorious regeneration of 1688 and the restoration of Protestantism to favor, Locke returned once more to England. The new king, William III, appointed Locke to the Board of Trade in 1696, a position from which he resigned because of ill health in 1700. He died in Oates on October 28, 1704.Empiricism Lockes empiricism emphasizes the importance of the experience of the senses in pursuit of knowledge rather than speculation or reasoning. The empiricist doctrine was first develop by the English philosopher sir Francis Bacon early in the 17th century, but Locke organized his ideas in an article in 1690 called Essay Concerning ...

Frivolous Lawsuits :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Frivolous Lawsuits As children our parents tried to instill in wholly of us good moral judgment and common sense. However, if I was to open the newspaper I would surely find any number of articles on the a la mode(p) frivolous lawsuit, these being even more outrageous than the ones in yesterdays paper. How have we as a society, which is completely capable of rational thinking, allowed ourselves to frame so intertwined in the blaming game? Americans file about 15 million lawsuits a year. (Cannell) A fourth of all lawsuits filed are either frivolous or fraudulent. Perhaps, the careless point of view about the seriousness of lawsuits is perpetuated by the false representation on the many law shows on TV, such as coadjutor McBeal and Law and Order, in which the baptistry is neatly rapped up in an hour. In reality most court cases take about 19 months from start to finish. In order to analyze our sue happy society one must first find out, what actu ally is a lawsuit? A lawsuit is a legal action brought by a plaintiff, a person who claims to have been wronged, against a defendant, the person being sued. If a judge decides that a case has copious evidence to go to trial then the verdict may be decided by either a judge or a jury. Yet, 90 percent of cases reach a settlement out of court. (Cannell) The scary truth about lawsuits is that anyone can file a suit for anything It is for the judge to decide if the case meets two criteria there must have been a wrongful act committed and the plaintiff must have suffered. (Cannell) The way in which liability is obstinate seems to be an irony in itself. The civil law requires people to act with reasonable care, meaning not hurting others or damaging property. Also it requires the defendant to do what a reasonable person would have done. (Cannell) However, my question is, if a person is not using a reasonable mind then isnt that person insane or otherwise m entally handicapped?

huck finn :: essays research papers

Twains huckleberry Finn was a very enjoyable read. It was my first early American legend and I could not help feel as though I was being swept along the current of the Mississippi sharing in Hucks adventures. I was fortunate enough to travel to New Orleans a few years ago on my first trip to the American south. Hucks narrations while powerful in their own right, were that much more meaningful because of my own experiences.While Twain ironically proclaims that there is no theme in the preface, there is a very strong theme that satirically is inescapable in the way societys rules can wash individual freedom of expression and thought. While at first I found the diction to be very confusing and even frustrating at times, it later seemed almost vital in order to make the narration believable, controversial, shocking, and powerful. One believes the adventures to be true because we can envision these types of discussions taking place in the mid south at that time. The multitude of advent ures, told in the first person in a concise and simplistic manner was very appealing. My own commonwealth of Newfoundland has a very rich and distinctive culture, with numerous strong dialects, and storytelling is a very big part of that culture.I like the fact that the novel is controversial, and challenges the mainstream views of society. many a(prenominal) have debated over the years whether Twains novel is a masterpiece or subversive trash. It has been argued that it is rough, coarse, inelegant, and exerts a dangerous influence on the young. (Concord, Massachusetts, subroutine library committee). However, the reality is this is a part of life whether we like to admit it or not. If one chooses to look beyond the lies, If one chooses to look beyond the lies, bad nomenclature and criminal activity what shines through is a strong social messages meant for society as a whole.Many have questioned whether the persistent use of the word common racoon makes Huckleberry Finn racist. I think, it has to be put into the context of the entire novel and the underlying theme. The novel portrays the worst society has to offer through the innocent and impressionable eye of a thirteen year old boy. The book is shocking, the behaviors and attitudes towards a cast society are appalling and shameful, and should be our central focus for debate. While no one today should tolerate the use of the word in a derogatory sense, its use in the novel is vital.

Places in Gullivers Travels Essay -- essays research papers

Places In Gullivers Travels By Jonathan Swift     Gullivers Travels has several places that Gulliver visits. In this report we will take a look a in-depth look at each of the places that Gulliver visits. In my opion Gulliver parelles many places to is home country, Eng contribute.      Lets take a look at the first stop in Gullivers travels, Lilliput. Lilliput is inhabitited by concourse who are only six inches tall. Gulliver seems like a gigant. The Liliputians open a structured government and loving lifestyles. The government has a senate, officials, a council, and an emperor. The government has several parrells to the England government. Gulliver tells us that these competitions, to choose the officials, who can Dance on the Rope, are often the cause of fatal accidents. Flimnap, in fact, would maintainkilled himself ina new-fangled fall had not one of the kings "cushions" broken his fall. The kings "cushion" represents George Is mistress, who aided Walpole in his return to power after a "fall." Another comparison between Lilliput and England, Reldresal, a Lilliputian government officer. He represents Walpoles successor, he payed Gulliver a special visit. His purpose is to acquaint Gulliver further with domestic and international politics, and to enlist Gulliver for assists in protecting their land from invasion, corresponding to the Tories and the treats to France. In Lilliput, the warring parties are the High-Heels , the Tories, and the Low-Heels , the Whigs. Just as George I favored teh Whigs, so the Lilliputian emperor favors teh Low-Heels. Just as George Is successor, the Prince of Wales, indicated favor to twain parties, the Lilliputian heir to the throne wears one high heel and one low. Although several things are parralleled to England some things are not the same. They both have penalization system that are based on different ideas, were as the Englandjudiciary system is based o n on punishment, the Lilliputians judiciary system has its rewards for following the rules. They also have very stiff punishments for unjustly accusing another of a crime. If at a latter point in time the accused soulfulness is fround innocent, the person who wrongfully accused is put to an creul death and the un justly accused is rewarded materially, and also recieves a title from the emperor. Upon leavin... ...y that is perfectly ordered, perfectly peaceful, except for the Yahoos, and exempt from the topsy-turviness of passion. In thier night club there is also no crime, poverty, unhappiness but also their is no joy, passion, ecstatic love. Everything is done on an even keel. The Houyhnhnms are the representation of the perfect valet de chambre culture. The marriages are arranged and the couples have no more feelings for each other than for any one else. The Yahoos are human-like, and are keep in a kennel, and banned from having anything to do with the Houyhnhnms. The Yahoo ha d arrived on thier island by acident. These people are less civilzed than the Houyhnhnms. They represent the lowest traits in human nature. They are gluttonous, filthy, lascivious, theiving, violentbrutes. Only physically do they resemble civilized people. They started out on the country only two Yahoo, and as they had children and their children had children they also lost the cilivilation and needed to be around other people to stay civilized. In a way this represent the way Gulliver wanted him home country England to be, perfect in its ways. But what would they have done with the Yahoos that they would have incountered?

Places in Gullivers Travels Essay -- essays research papers

Places In Gullivers Travels By Jonathan Swift     Gullivers Travels has several places that Gulliver visits. In this paper we will take a saying a in-depth look at each of the places that Gulliver visits. In my opion Gulliver p arlles many places to is home country, England.      Lets take a look at the first stop in Gullivers travels, Lilliput. Lilliput is inhabitited by people who are only six inches tall. Gulliver seems like a gigant. The Liliputians have a structured disposal and social lifestyles. The government has a senate, officials, a council, and an emperor. The government has several parrells to the England government. Gulliver tells us that these competitions, to choose the officials, who can Dance on the Rope, are often the cause of fatal accidents. Flimnap, in fact, would havekilled himself ina recent fall had not unrivalled of the kings "cushions" downhearted his fall. The kings "cushion" represents George Is mistress, who aided Walpole in his return to power after a "fall." Another comparison between Lilliput and England, Reldresal, a Lilliputian government officer. He represents Walpoles successor, he payed Gulliver a special visit. His purpose is to acquaint Gulliver further with domestic and international politics, and to enlist Gulliver for assists in protecting their land from invasion, corresponding to the Tories and the treats to France. In Lilliput, the warring parties are the High-Heels , the Tories, and the Low-Heels , the Whigs. Just as George I favored teh Whigs, so the Lilliputian emperor favors teh Low-Heels. Just as George Is successor, the Prince of Wales, indicated favor to both parties, the Lilliputian heir to the throne wears one high heel and one low. Although several things are parralleled to England some things are not the same. They both have punishment system that are based on different ideas, were as the Englandjudiciary system is based on on punishment , the Lilliputians judiciary system has its rewards for following the rules. They also have very stiff punishments for unjustly accuse another of a crime. If at a latter point in time the accused person is fround innocent, the person who wrongfully accused is put to an creul conclusion and the un justly accused is rewarded materially, and also recieves a title from the emperor. Upon leavin... ...y that is perfectly ordered, perfectly peaceful, except for the Yahoos, and exempt from the topsy-turviness of passion. In thier society there is also no crime, poverty, sorrow but also their is no joy, passion, ecstatic love. Everything is done on an even keel. The Houyhnhnms are the representation of the perfect human culture. The marriages are arranged and the couples have no more feelings for each other than for any one else. The Yahoos are human-like, and are keep in a kennel, and prohibited from having anything to do with the Houyhnhnms. The Yahoo had arrived on thier island by aci dent. These people are less civilzed than the Houyhnhnms. They represent the lowest traits in human nature. They are gluttonous, filthy, lascivious, theiving, violentbrutes. Only physically do they resemble civilized people. They started out on the country only two Yahoo, and as they had children and their children had children they also lost the cilivilation and needed to be around other people to stay civilized. In a way of life this represent the way Gulliver wanted him home country England to be, perfect in its ways. But what would they have done with the Yahoos that they would have incountered?

Melting Point and Recrystallization

Recrystallization and Melting Point of Benzoic Acid Organic Chemistry 1 10/4/12 Abstract Recrystallization was d wizard to remove impurities from the sample. The percent recuperation of benzoic window fruitcake during recrystallization is 23. 02%. The difference between the pure and impure samples was observed by analogy of run bakshiss. It was found that impure sample had a lower and wider melting menstruum puke of 120. 1-122. 2 (C). The pure sample melting point set off was 121. 3-122. 5 (C). These ranges helped determine honesty by comparing the known melting point of pure benzoic point.Introduction Most of the organic nerve centres recovered from organic reactions ar impure and require purification to obtain the want pure product. The extracted benzoic dosage still had impurities which piece of tail be removed with the suffice of recrystallization. Recrystallization is a purification technique that relies on the differing solubility of compounds deep down a m iscellany separating to form a pure crystalline hearty of the desired product. Often the desired compound is present in a larger quantity within the ascendant.Therefore, a pure sample of this compound can be discharged from the theme while expiration the impurities dissolved within the event. Recrystallization is steeply dependent upon the solubility of the two mixed compounds. Solubility is the property of how well a solute dissolves in a issue. Solubility increases with an increase in energy within the system. This is ascribable to the increased kinetic energy of the molecules leading to more collisions of the solvent with the solute. This process is called dissociation since the molecules of the solute mother separated and surrounded by molecules of solvent.Solvation progresss once the lattice has completely dissociated within the solution and no traces of solid compound remain. These steps can be explained by Gibbs Free Energy (? G) equation where a negative ? G indi cates a spontaneous reaction. The solvation of the lattice structure is a spontaneous reaction since the data and temperature increase within the system as the enthalpy becomes more negative (more exothermic). Hot water was used to dissolve the crude benzoic corrosive in these stages of solubility. For the recrystallization to occur properly a good solvent must(prenominal) be chosen.Feature Article Free-Radical BrominationThe solute must be relatively non-water-soluble in the solvent at room temperature but much more soluble in the solvent at mettlesomeer temperature. At the same time, impurities that atomic number 18 present must either be soluble in the solvent at room temperature or insoluble in the solvent at a high temperature. For example, if you cute to purify a sample of Compound X which is contaminated by a small sum of money of Compound Y, an appropriate solvent would be one in which all of Compound Y dissolved at room temperature because the impurities will stay i n solution and pass through riddle paper, leaving only pure crystals behind.Also appropriate would be a solvent in which the impurities are insoluble at a high temperature because they will remain solid in the boiling solvent and can then be tenseed forth. When purifying a union with this method, the solubility of the solvent must be taken into thorough consideration. It is necessary that a solvent is a poor solvent at room temperature and a very good solvent at high temperatures. As a result, polarity, the uneven distribution of electron density, must be taken into consideration. The polarity of the solvent should relatively be the opposite of the compound being dissolved.This creates a high temperature coefficient with the compound only being reasonably soluble at room temperature and highly soluble at high temperatures. This tolerates the nucleus to later crystallize from the solution as it cools. The solvent also can non be highly reactive with the solute. This will ent irely defeat the purpose of dissolution since products will be created that are not the intended crystals. Additionally, the solvent should be able to dissolve either the impurity or the product so the compounds can be separated through other methods.The solvent also cannot have a boiling point higher than the melting point of the solute. If the solute melts prior to the boiling of the solvent, recrystallization will not be able to occur. For example, if you wanted to purify a sample of Compound X which is contaminated by a small step of Compound Y, an appropriate solvent would be one in which all of Compound Y dissolved at room temperature because the impurities will stay in solution and pass through filter paper, leaving only pure crystals behind. Also appropriate would be a solvent in which the mpurities are insoluble at a high temperature because they will remain solid in the boiling solvent and can then be filtered out. Finally, the solvent should be volatile enough as to fly from the prove of the compound and be of low financial cost. Impurities can be removed by adding oxford grey to the solution and hot gravity filtration. Adding charcoal provides a charged surface that is able to absorb impurities. The impurities that were absorbed by the charcoal were trapped in the filter paper during hot gravity filtration.Hot gravity filtration is the process by which the solution is filtered while on flush of a heat energy source, such as a steam bath. This will remove any insoluble impurities (like charcoal used to remove the methyl orange) from the solution while maintaining the high temperature and high solubility coefficient of the solution. This prevents the solid from crystallizing from the solution while within the filtering instrument. Fluted filter paper is also utilized to minimize the surface contact with the cooler funnel and to maximize the surface area over which the solution is filtered.The recrystallization process is entropically disfavore d because the overall order of the system increases with the formation of a solid product. This process involves an increase in temperature within the system, which thereby causes (? G) to become negative. The increase in temperature allows the process to occur spontaneously. Nucleation is the start of the crystallization process where one crystal precipitates out of the solution first and thereby provides a lattice structure upon which molecules of the same compound can connect.This is all encompassed by the crystal lattice theory. The crystal lattice theory states that a growing solid will select similar molecules into its growing lattice. Sometimes, this does not happen spontaneously cod to the solution not being sufficiently supersaturated. This is treated by seeding the solution with a small crystal of pure compound. This acts as a starting point for nucleation to occur. Additionally, the glass of the flask can be scratched with a glass rod. This provides a sharp edge upon wh ich developing crystals can lodge and begin the nucleation process.Once nucleation occurs, the solution must be cooled slowly. This allows the development of crystals to exclude any impurities from the lattice and create a pure compound. The melting point of a substance is an intensive property of a compound. This kind of property does not depend upon the amount of substance present (i. e. molecular weight, density), unlike an extensive property (i. e. mass, saturation dependent upon amount present). Melting is defined as a phase change in which a solid substance becomes a liquid substance without changing its identity or chemical formula.The melting point of a substance is defined as a range between the lower and focal ratio melting points. The lower melting point is the temperature at which the substances structure becomes obviously distorted. The f number melting point is the point at which the substance has become a liquid. This phase change can be observed and measured in a Melt Temp device. The melting point range therefore is the range between the lower and upper melting points observed. Pure substances tend to have a smaller melting point range at a higher temperature than impure substances. Table 1 Reagent Table (2)Chemical Name Chemical Formula Molar Mass (g/mol) Density (g/ml) BP/MP (C) Amount employ (mL) Concentration (mol/L) Benzoic Acid C6H5COOH 122. 12 1. 27 249. 2/122. 41 - - Methyl Orange C14H14N3NaO3S 327. 33 1. 28 -/300 - - Charcoal - - - - - - Water H2O 18. 0153 1 100/0 - - Experimental Prior to beginning the recrystallization essay, the dry benzoic acid and watch glass were weighed and small portion of the crude benzoic acid was set aside for analysis in the melting point experiment. The remaining benzoic acid was placed in a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask. 00mL of water in a 250mL boiling flask containing a few boiling stones was brought to a boil using a heating mantle. The heating mantle was situated on top of a raised lab jack and the bo iling flask was clamped to monkey bars. Gloves were used whenever handling the heating mantle or boiling flask. Minimum amount of boiling water was slowly added to the crude crystals. The solution was kept at or near boiling point. A very small amount worked up carbon (charcoal) was added to the solution. After this, hot gravity filtration was performed over a steam bath. The fluted filter paper was wet with some boiling water prior to filtration.The solution was then carefully poured into the funnel. The filtrate was then removed from the steam bath and allowed to cool slowly at room temperature. These crystals were then collected by vanity filtration, placed on a watch glass, and allowed to dry over a one week period. Prior to conducting the melting point experiment, the purified crystals were massed. The melting point experiment was performed by loading two capillary tubes one with the impure benzoic acid set aside prior to the recrystallization experiment and the other with th e pure benzoic acid obtained by recrystallization.The samples were obtained by tapping the open end of the capillary tube on top of the desired compound. The tube was then repeatedly bounced (open end up) internal of an inverted funnel. The two tubes containing crude and pure crystals were then placed inside of the Melt Temp device. The heat was increased and the tubes were observed through a display port outside of the apparatus. The melting point range was recorded. Results Table 2 Data and Calculations Data Mass (g) Crude Benzoic Acid 4. 04 Watch glass 40. 23 Watch glass with pure benzoic acid crystals 41. 6 Pure benzoic acid crystals . 93 Percent recovery of benzoic acid 23. 02% gBenzoic AcidgCrude Mix ? 100 =% Recovery of Benzoic Acid Figure 1 % Recovery Table 3 Melting Point Ranges smack Type dispirit Melting Point (C) Upper Melting Point (C) Melting Point Range (C) Crude Sample 120. 1 122. 2 120. 1-122. 2 Pure Sample 121. 3 122. 5 121. 3-122. 5 Observations * Benzoic Ac id dissolved in hot water * Solution was a pink color * Addition of charcoal caused solution to turn a cloudy grayish color * Crystals formed early in filter paper Solution would no longer filter through paper properly * New filter paper resumed proper filtering * Filtrate was chiseled * Web-like white crystals began to form immediately after removed from the heat * Crude crystals started melting * Crude crystals appeared creamy white and distorted * Pure crystals lost their defined shape at lower melting point * both(prenominal) crystals were liquefied Discussion As a slightly polar compound, benzoic acid was able to dissolve in water at a high temperature since the overall kinetic energy of the system increased to allow more collisions to occur within the solution.Since it is only slightly soluble in water due to waters high temperature coefficient, the benzoic acid solution was consistently kept over a steam bath to prevent it from crystallizing out of the solution early. The p ink color of the solution indicated that methyl orange was still present within the dried crude benzoic acid. Methyl orange is an acid indicator that turns pink in a solution of specific pH. The pink color of the solution was indicative of the fact that the benzoic acid solution was slightly acidic.Charcoal (activated carbon) was added to this solution to remove this coloration. This was made come-at-able by the process of adsorption in which the large nonpolar portions of the methyl orange molecule adhered to the large surface area of the nonpolar carbon molecules. Only a small amount of charcoal was needed to be used in order to remove the coloration of the solution. In this experiment, however, too much charcoal was added and therefore caused the solution to turn a cloudy gray color. This charcoal overload therefore created other problems later in the experiment.Hot gravity filtration was carried out to remove any insoluble impurities still remaining in the solution. The temper ature was kept high to keep the solubility coefficient increased so as to prevent premature crystallization from the solution. Fluted filter paper maximized the surface area over which the solution could be filtered and also minimized the contact the solution would have with the cooler funnel. This temperature difference could have also caused premature crystallization within the filter paper. The percent recovery for the benzoic acid was 23. 02%.This low recovery rate was primarily due to the fact of premature crystallization occurring within the filter paper during the hot filtration portion of the experiment. This was caused by the over-abundance of charcoal present within the solution. The charcoal provided a surface upon which the crystals could form as the solution became briefly highly concentrated within the filter paper. As a result, a evidential amount of product was lost. The filter paper also had to be changed because the formation of crystals prevented the rest of the solution from being properly filtered into the flask.This caused a significant loss in solution also containing the benzoic acid that could have crystalise within the flask. The exact amount of product lost was unable to be determined due to the presence of charcoal within the crystals, saturation of the filter paper, and the crystals adherence to the filter paper. However, the weight of the filter paper, crystals, and other impurities was 7. 63g, of which a substantial amount of the weight could be contributed to the saturated filter paper. Another source of error could have been that not all benzoic acid within the filtrate crystallized from the solution.Even though the solution was cooled slowly and benzoic acid is only slightly soluble in water, the solubility of the benzoic acid still was enough to allow it to stay within the solution. Another source of error could be from a Eutectic reaction. This reaction forms a eutectic mixture, which is a mixture that behaves like a compo und. The behavior of this mixture could skew conclusions by providing a sharp melting range, similar to pure compounds. Additionally, not enough boiling water could have been added which would prevent some benzoic acid from completely dissolving within the solution.This remaining crystalline benzoic acid would then be lost during the filtration process. The filtrate that made it into the flask was clear and began forming crystals almost immediately after being removed from the heat. This was due to the fact that as temperature decreased, the solubility of the solvent decreased, creating a supersaturated solution. This therefore forced the little soluble component of the mixture (benzoic acid) to crystallize from the solution. The solution was cooled slowly to prevent any impurities from adhering to the benzoic acid crystal lattice and thereby affecting the purity of the compound.Once a few crystals formed, others began to form the crystal lattice with them in a process called nucle ation. Melting points are a range between the lower melting point (where the crystals first become distorted) and the higher melting point (where the crystals are completely liquefied) of a substance. This range was identified using the Melt Temp apparatus which magnified the view of the sample capillary tubes to allow easy observation of the state of the crystals in relation to the temperature of the device, which was measured using a thermometer.The melting point range for the crude benzoic acid was 120. 1C 122. 2C, and the range for the pure crystals was 121. 3C 122. 5C. The range for the crude benzoic acid was slightly larger at a 2. 1C difference because of the presence of impurities can decrease the lower range of the melting point and increase the upper range of the melting point. Both sets for the crude and pure benzoic acid fell very close to the literature value of 122. 38C which therefore indicates that they were relatively pure.However, the crude benzoic acids range o f 2. 1C was larger than the pure benzoic acids range of 1. 2C. The fact that the crude benzoic acid range is wider than the pure range indicates that there are impurities within the crystals. A possible source of error for this portion of the experiment could have been human error in the interpretation of the thermometer or the delayed reaction between witnessing the lower and upper melting points and looking at the thermometer to record the temperature.References 1. Methyl Orange MSDS CAS 547-58-0 2, Benzoic Acid MSDS CAS 65-85-0 Online Sciencelab. com, Inc. Houston, Texas, June 9, 2012. http//www. sciencelab. com/msds. phpmsdsld=9927096 (Accessed September 11, 2012) 2. Padias, A. (2011). Making the Connections2 A How-To Guide for Organic Chemistry science laboratory Techniques. 2ed. The University of Arizona. Plymouth Hayden-McNeil Publishing, LLC.

Self-Assessment Marybeth Adkins

I read al itinerarys thought of myself to be outgoing. I have equal regard for the value of new(prenominal)s as considerably as how I value myself. I withal believe that I am assertive in a manner wherein I am adequate to(p) to handle the situation impressively and to produce the best possible outcome given the circumstances present.I uphold my rights as intumesce as the rights of others. It does not unavoidably mean I need to win totally the time, but it has always been important to be to do my best.I had perceived my confabulation style to be effective in terms of being an active listener. I have limitations and expectations that I always want to clearly state. I am able to express myself with an delicious degree of honesty and directness, especially when it comes to my whole tones and desires.The characteristics I always knew I had were confidence and self-awareness. I am to a fault proactive and initiating as advantageously as decisive. I knew that I had a sense of h umor and that I was open and flexible as well as versatile.In terms of behavior, I operated from choice. I also occur comfort in knowing what was required and developing a plan to achieve it. This showed that my behavior was action-oriented as well as firm. Just like the way I want to create plans, I am also realistic, just and fair, along with being consistent in the things I do.I had been evaluated to be an extraverted, intuitive, feeling and judging type (ENFJ) that showed I was a moderately expressed extravert, a slight expressed intuitive genius, a distinctly expressed feeling personality as well as a moderately expressed judging personality. I was evaluated to be a feeling personality, more(prenominal) than the rest.This is Expected of meIn this area, my response was evaluated accord to how I thought tidy sum expected me to behave. It represented the guarded or masked behavior that I had. I was an S which meant I was a peach specialist. This meant that I had a passive an d batch-oriented temperament.The Ss like me were considered to be stable and shy types. We are the ones who disliked changes. We can survive doing the same clientele consistently. This was also seen with my ENFJ profile that showed handled consistency well. I am also a people-pleaser. I value secured surroundings in relation to my stable behavior. I was also evaluates to be forgiving, while others were said to take advantage of it. Since I seem to like to please other people all the time, this made it difficult for me to register no to friends. I always look forward to opportunities to help others. spell this can be perceived as weakness, in another perspective from the Book of Psalms, it said, moreover the meek will inherit the land and enjoy great peace (Psalm 3711 NIV).This is MeThe assessment for my This is me evaluation was C/I/S. This area referred to how I responded according to how I felt and thought during times wherein I was under pressure. It was my unguarded behavior . C/I/S meant competent, influencing specialists.Similar to the this is expected of me evaluation, I was evaluated to have a liking for doing things right, in impressing others and in stabilizing situations. I was not seen to be aggressive no pushy. I was also sh take to enjoy crowds, regardless of size. I was also evaluated to be near(a) with people with high regard for quality. I also seen the high regard y personality type had for what others thinks of myself and my subject area.I was also observed to drop some determination and dominance. While I can perform tasks well, I was said to need quicker decision-making skills. My capability to work and do great things with people was mentioned in relation to the fact that I needed to become more self-motivated and assertive. Sincere and enthusiastic approvals as well as logical explanations were things that were said to buzz off me.Discovered Communication Style and Personality apparitional Gifts. I spy the eldritch endues I had in relation to my communication style and personality. They were considered as supernatural motivations that were given to every believer. As everyone did not have exactly the same communication style and personality, spiritual gifts also differed. They usually reflect in the personality, behavior and communication style of the individual.The blossom spiritual gift I had was mercy. This was the gift the enables a person to demonstrate genuine concern and sensitive to suffering. There are a certain something in me that compel me to reduce the pain in other people. There is more concern for me for the person hurting that for the reasons of their suffering.Another gift that was seen in me was the gift of serving, ministry or the helps. This gift was seen to help others and be motivated by serving behind the scenes. Such gift enables me to do things that no one else likes to do. It also enables me to be flexible and to aline to challenges.Administration did not go far behind and it w as related as it is the gift that gives the strong sense of duty as well. This gift was seen to concentrate on team up participation. People with this gift see the bigger picture and keeps everyone on track. They were also seen to delegate tasks and to be very organized.Leadership Style. I was considered to be an I leader. This referred to leaders who were stir and enthusiastic. Since I stood for influence, the kind of leader that I was evaluated to be was one who loved to lead and influence others. Such leaders were seen to be great presenters. They were also seen to have the tendency to talk too much.They were seen to need to listen more and not be too sensitive to rejection. However, I leaders were also positively considered to be impressive and positive leaders. While the kind of leader I was classified loved to be in crowds, there was also a need for me to be interested in individuals.Follower Style. The I followers have a tendency to follow their hearts. They were seen to be impulsive as followers. They also want and need opportunities wherein they would be noticed and would look good. Even as followers, they were seen to carry a certain degree of influence.They need constant approvals. It was attributed to their high egos. They also make good jump impressions. The influences they inherently possess often turn them into leaders who rise up to the top. Such followers can have a difficult time simply being in follower roles as they have a tendency to lead.Conflict Resolution by FujishinAccording to Fujishin, one must evaluate his or her own social styles. This effort would enable the individual to understand ones self (Fujishin 1997). This leads to self- acceptances that have a significant impact in how one accepts others. This factors holds a minute role in the success of group related communication and work.He upheld how important it was to know ones self and be familiar with it before incoming in any communication that involves other people, espe cially in a group. Since time was already taken in the examination of ones own self and weaknesses, there is little need for the individual to look towards the approval of other people in the group in order to function well (Fujishin 1997).Self-assessment was also important when it came to conflict management. When one already knew ones self, there is more time attributed to examining and discussing the problem. It also equips the individuals to listen actively to the other people within the group in conflict. Irrelevant discussions would be avoided.Fujishins principles on conflict management provided for effective tools and strategies that could guide and direct group discussion in a very effective manner. The he had promoted self-awareness could also be used in professional and personal affairs under conflict. He quoted Emerson regarding this saying, What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within usControlling Communication and Behavioral BlendIt was pointed out that I needed to increase my confidence in terms of how what others expect of me (UniquelyYou.net 2007). I have to speak out more often and avoid being abused because of my tendency to please people all the time. I also needed to be more outgoing and assertive. I had to grasp the fact that security was possible (UniquelyYou.net 2007).I found the importance of being on the alert when it came to being judgmental (UniquelyYou.net 2007). As I believed that others have rights the same as I had, they also had the right to be judged for who they were and not for first impressions or other superficial criteria.I also had to avoid being bitter and harboring resentment. It may have come from my tendency to be oversensitive. I had to learn to just be appreciative for everything and see things in a positive and constructive light.I also learned about the utilization of my communication skills and behavioral blends in relation to developing my Spiritual Gifts. The sign of true development was the maturity and involvement I had in the Body of Christ (UniquelyYou.net 2007).They were to be seen as combinations that helped to understand how the unique blends that I had discovered through the evaluations were related to the role I had to play in doing immortals Work. The Word of God exhorts this truth, So it is with you. Since you are eager to have spiritual gifts, try to excel in gifts that build up the church (1 Corinthians 1412, NIV).God never makes mistakes and creates the gift in each individual in order to work for His glory (UniquelyYou.net 2007). I also realized how such natural and supernatural qualities could get out of hand when I dont use them for Gods glory. It would be best if God was the one to control them and for everyone to submit their own personalities, styles, and gifting to Gods will.My highest spiritual gifts were those of mercy, serving, and administration. I tend to constantly tender for the works of the Church, even if they have no hint of glamour in them.Overusing such gifts make me seek for approval or please people more than pleasing God. Since my highest personality profile plotting was I this makes me more of a leader than a follower. Abuse of this personality type would make me overpower people in leadership and make me less of a team player.It was an evident match that I had mercy as my serving as one of the top spiritual gifts because my personality was one who aimed to please people and to do jobs consistently.This was intended for service because of the fact that I can be good with people and influence them well. While I saw that I was expected to be more passive, I realized that my behavior and Spiritual Gifts had given me the capacity to be active and people-oriented. condescension the fact that I did not want to be in the spotlight, I still valued to serve people. I realized how I also wanted to receive approval for the things that I do. I needed to be more secured with the job I was do ing.Leadership needed qualities like humility, development, commitment, focus, compassion, integrity, peacemaking, and endurance (Hastings & Potter 2004). Based on the results of the evaluation, I had these qualities more in some than the others. Commitment, focus, compassion and endurance were those that would stand out with my behavior and personality.Compassion, my highest value as seen with my Spiritual gifting and behavioral type, should be reflected in communication. Its not merely about delivering the message but in doing so in the best possible and effective manner that forges relationships that were based on trust (Hastings & Potter 2004).Genuine concern and love has always reflected Jesus Christ. It is something that can be foundational in the way I would hone my gifts and control my behavior. The Scripture said, applause be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort (2 Corinthians 13, NIV).This assessment provided significant insights into my behavior and communication styles. Most of them, I already knew I had possessed. However, this activity enabled me to see them in a new light. It gave me a look as to how I had been misusing my gifts as well as how I was not able to control my behavior because of certain personality types I had.I agree with the results of this evaluation as they described me as accurately as can be. I also saw how my behavior had been related to closely to the Spiritual Gifts that I was bestowed with. It was enlightening because it showed how specific God had made me in line with how He wanted to use me in the work He cut out for me For we are Gods workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do (Ephesians 210, NIV).Evaluation of Activity EffectivenessOverall, this assignment had been more than helpful in developing self-awareness in a person. As Fujishin stressed, self-awareness played an important factor when it came to group dynamics as it enables the person to focus on the group instead on ones self because there is already security that came from this value.The activity enabled me to realize my strengths and uniqueness in order to use them for the benefit of my development as well as for the contributions I could provide for Gods work. This activity also establishes a stronger sense of purpose.ReferencesCombining 7 Spiritual Gifts with 4 (DISC) personality types. (2007).UniquelyYou.net.Fujishin, R. (1997). Discovering the leader within. USA Acada Book.Hastings, W. & Potter, R.(2004). put me Developing a leadership style people will follow. Canada Waterbrook.International Bible Society (1984). The Holy Bible New International Version. USA Zondervan,

Discuss the use of literary technigues Essay

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a precise accomplished book because of Austens clever and favored use of literary techniques. Literary techniques refer to the deliberate construction of language to further the story whether that be to develop character, patch, suspense or to create an pleasurable humorous novel. Jane Austen applies m some(prenominal) literary techniques such as mind of view, dialogue, letter and irony to tell the story of Pride and Prejudice. Pride and Prejudice is told in third gear person limited omnipresent point of view but importantly told through Elizabeths consciousness.This point of view is a successful memoir technique because it croaks an insight into the characters, mainly Elizabeths thoughts, and likewise helps to create suspense. This technique also arouses the readers sympathy for Elizabeth because we can see that she is organism h wizardst to herself, which is natural if we are to desire her re nisus. The officers of the-shire were in general a precise creditable, gentlemanlike set. And the best of them were of the present party but Mr Wickham was as far beyond them every(prenominal) in prison, countenance, air, and walk. (pg65) This is Elizabeths opinion of Mr Wickham that is later found out to be completely wrong but the reader can see her sincerity. By exploitation this technique Austen can also control how much the reader knows about event and emotions which helps to create suspense. In the first section of the novel Austen occasionally reports form Darcys consciousness so that the reader is made aware of his growing feeling for Elizabeth and to highlight that Elizabeth was prejudice when she made a wrong judgment against Darcy. Darcy had neer been so bewitched by any woman as he was by her.In Pride and Prejudice she does not report from Darcys point of view during the period between her two proposals, so that the reader, like Elizabeth, is uncertain whether he is lost forever. The dialogue in Pride and Prejudice is very successful in developing characters and march on the plot. Austen brings her characters to life by having them reveal themselves or other characters reveal them to the reader through their dialogue, rather than through expound narrative descriptions. Oh you are a great deal apt you know, to like people in general.You never see a fault in any body. All the world are good and agreeable in your eyes. I never heard you speak ill of a homo being in my life. This dialogue reveals Jane as being amiable, good-natured, and always assumes that others are as good-natured as she. In chapter three Darcys dialogue reveals his character to Elizabeth as being too proud. He thinks himself socially inferior to Elizabeth so declines from asking her to dance. This is one instance were the dialogue helps to create Elizabeths wrong judgement of Darcy and thus advancing her prejudice.She is tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt me and I am in no humour at present to give public ation to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me. (pg13) Darcys sense of social transcendency later proves his chief difficulty in admitting his love for Elizabeth. This dialogue also helps to advance the plot as his rudeness creates a negative impression of him in her mind, one that will linger for nearly half of the novel, until the underlying nobility of his character is gradually revealed to her.The dialogue within Pride and Prejudice is a very significant part of the novel as it is a way revealing to the reader the characters and the plot progression. In addition to using dialogue, Austen also successfully uses letters to reveal character and to further the plot. The use of letters also allows Austen to introduce a character before they arrive such as Mr Collins in the letter of chapter 15. The letter is a popular literary convention that Austen weaves very cleverly into her novel. The letter in Chapter 7 from Jane to Elizabeth is an example of how Austen uses this technique successfully.I grow myself very unwell this morning, which, I suppose, is to be imputed to my getting wet through yesterday. This reveals Jane to be good hearted and none judgmental of her mother even though it was Mrs. white avens who intentionally sent her out into the rain. Jane did not once say it was Mrs. Bennets fault. The way Jane describes the Bingley sisters as my kind friends also reinforces her warm heart. therefore do not be alarmed if you should hear of his having been to me. Even though Jane is the one that is unwell she is always looking out for others so she sends the letter to reassure Elizabeth and pass on sure she does not worry.The letter also demonstrates character relation as Jane sent it to Elizabeth showing that they have a close relationship. This letter also furthers the plot because as a result of this letter Elizabeth decides to visit Jane at Netherfi eld, which put Darcy and Elizabeth in more frequent and honest contact with each other. Just this one letter proves that the letter convention is a very successful narrative technique. Irony is the tension between literal meaning and implied meaning. Austen is able to present the main themes, criticise some characters and add humour through the use of irony within Pride and Prejudice.Jane Austin establishes her humourous tone in the opening censure of Pride and Prejudice. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However the opposite is the case. The truth is well fixed into the district, that he is already considered the rightful property of one of their daughters. It now becomes a aspiration for which mother has the daughter who gets him. Jane Austen treats the characters in Pride and Prejudice with irony.Mr Bennet is a prime example as he himself is a very sarcastic and wry character. What say you Mar y? For you are a young lady of deep reflection I know, and read great books, and make extracts. (pg9) Mr Bennet is being ironic because he knows that all Mary does is repeat what she reads and doesnt actually understand it so he is really poking fun at Mary. This is also hammy irony because the reader knows that Mr Bennet is not serious, but Mary takes him seriously. Austen uses irony as the basis for the plot. The whole story is based around an ironic situation.Elizabeth prides herself on her observation of character but dislikes Darcy because she is under the mistaken impression that he disapproves of her. She is also mistaken by liking Wickham because he flatters her pride. In both cases she has judged wrong and begins her reform when she is given the truth in Darcy second proposal letter. The humour in Pride and Prejudice comes from this irony and from Austens gentle Satire. She laughs at human folly and social structure. Austin satirises Lady Catherine de Bourgh unmercifully as a member of the autocracy.Jane Austin laughs at how Lady Catherine believes so strongly in the eminence between classes. Lady Catherine believes because she is in a higher class that she can influence whoever she wants but Austen is saying that the superiority in social class does not necessarily mean superiority in ethics, morals and intellect. Verbal and dramatic irony are a very successful literary technique in Pride and Prejudice as they create humour and criticise and develop characters. Jane Austin constructs Pride and Prejudice through the use of four main narrative techniques.Third Person omnipresent point of view mainly through Elizabeths consciousness has the advantages of allowing the reader to sympathise with Elizabeth while being able to give the reader the narrative objectively. Austens use of dialogue allows her to reveal the character without giving a long narrative description. The use of a letter is turn up very vital in Pride and Prejudice because plot and c haracter development can be created in a couple of lines. Irony is also an important technique as it is the basic plot and creates the humour of the novel which is a great attraction to the reader.

Self Assessment Personal Leadership Style Education Essay

Harmonizing to my consequences, it indicates that my starring(p) manner is predominately Participative, which means that I am capable of expireing with convocation members who under(a)stand the aims and their function in the proletariat. My biggest attitude is surd defecate, sharing the sense of duty, promptness, clip direction and the skill to cash in ones chips into deadlines. I am a in reality trusty individual with an cleverness to work as a squad participant or as an person which helps me to last under different sort of environments. Harmonizing to my yesteryear experienced, my supervisor came over and praised me for my unmanageable work for the past five hebdomads and he be brasss informed me that they get out offer me a squad attraction telephone line one time I immaculate my class.My Weakness is that I get hurt re wholey rapidly if person neglects my sincere attempts, or accuse me of being guilty of a error which I neer did, this does consequences in a ment al emphasis which finally effects my public presentation.Secondly sometimes I get emotional. This is what I think ar my biggest strength and failings. And I need to kick downstairs this strength and failings.leading theories attractership is a manner of taking early(a)s to acquire the coveted consequences. There are many theories presented by different generator and I am traveling to confabulation some of the theories which are as personifySituational leading theoryIt is weared by Hersey and Blanchard, is based on the premiss that drawing cardship need to change their ports dep annuling on one major situational f bring aboutor-the preparedness of chases. It focuses on two behaviors undertaking behavior and relationship behavior.Task behavior is the attracter s inclination to spell out responsibilities and duties of the group. Relationship behavior is the attraction s inclination to target on bipartisan or multi-way communicatingTo find which combination of behavior i s appropriate for a get byn subject of affairs, a leader must entree the follower preparedness. Follower preparedness means follower s willingness and ability to carry through a undertaking. The following are the leading manner that might be usedTelling- giving specific undertaking waies and closely manage work a high undertaking, low-relationship mannerSelling- explicating undertaking waies in a supportive and persuasive manner a high undertaking, low-relationship manner.Participating- stressing shared thoughts and participative de enclosureinations on undertaking waies a low undertaking, high-relationship manner.Delegating- leting the group to walk out duty for undertaking de landmarkinations a low undertaking, low-relationship manner.In utilizing this situational leading theory, leaders decide the undertaking countries they trust to act upon assess the person s preparedness degree, select the leading manner matching to that degree.Path-goal theoryIt explains how leader behavior backside positively act upon the motive and occupation satisfaction of subsidiaries. It is closely associated with anticipation theory it is focused on the manner leader s influence subsidiaries perceptual experience of work give the sacks and waies to earn twain work and personal ends. This theory argues that the perceptual experience of subsidiaries is affected by the undermentioned leader behaviors.Directing leader behaviour- allowing subsidiaries know what is expected of them, supplying guidance about work methods, developing work agendas, placing work rating criterions, and bespeaking the footing for results or wagess.Supportive leader behaviour- entails demoing concern for the position, wellbeing and demands of subsidiaries reservation little things to do work more pleasant and being friendly and accessible.Participative leader behaviour- it is characterised by confer withing with subsidiaries, promoting their suggestions, and carefully sing their thoughts w hen doing determinationsAchievement-oriented leader behaviour- involves puting disputing ends, anticipating subsidiaries to execute at their highest degree, and pass oning a high grade of self-confidence in subsidiaries.Leaderships should besides see two of here and now situational factors subsidiary and stage pitting features.Normative leading conjectural typographyThe Normative leading theoretical account developed by Vroom and Yetton helps leaders assess critical situational factors impacting the extent to which they should affect subsidiaries in peculiar determinations. In this theoretical account, determinations made by directors in relation to group jobs are identified as belonging to one of five rudimentss groups.A1 the leader entertains the determinations utilizing available information.A2 the leader obtains necessary information from subsidiaries so features the determination.C1 the leader lucks the job with relevant subsidiaries, separately so makes the determin ation.C2 the leader obtains information and an thought from subsidiaries in a group session so makes the determination.G2 The leaders slew the job with the group and organize their attempts to invent a solution.The theoretical account includes a figure of inquiries the director ordure inquire about the determination or job, which may assist him/her to make up ones mind which method is most appropriate given the state of affairs.Transformational and transactional leadingTransformational leaders motivates persons to execute beyond normal outlooks by animating subsidiaries to concentrate on broader missions exceeding their ain immediate opportunism, to concentrate on intrinsic higher-level ends instead than extrinsic lower degree ends, and to hold assurance in their abilities to accomplish the extraordinary missions articulated by the leader. Transformational leading is auxiliary to transactional leading it does non replace it. Transformational leading includes three of import facto rsCharisma is a leading factors consisting the leader s ability to animate pride, religion and regard. To recognize what is of import.Individual consideration is a leading where leader s wages attending to the exclusive follower s demands and dainty all person as equal.Intellectual stimulation is a leading factor affecting offering rising thoughts to persuade followings to rethink old ways of making things, promoting followings to look at jobs from multiple vantage top dogs.Transactional leaders are leaders who motivates subsidiaries to execute at expected degrees by assisting them recognize undertaking duties, identify ends, get assurance about meeting coveted public presentation degrees, and understand how their demands and the wagess they desire are linked to end accomplishment.leading function model/sLeadership means different things to different people. It refers to the procedure of act uponing others to accomplish organizational ends. There are many leaders who bewilder turn up themselves in forepart of others such as Manmohan Singh, Adolf Hitler. They change the hereafter of whole universe by their leading manners. I have chosen two political leaders to compare and contrast their leading theory and manners. The First political leader is a current Prime-minister of India ( Dr.Manmohan Singh ) and the 2nd 1 is antique President of Libya ( Muammar Gaddafi ) .Leadership profilesManmohan Singh was born(p) in 26 September 1932 in Goha small town, Punjab But after India s rail-splitter now this small town is in Pakistan. His household was migrated to Amritsar sahib, India during divider in 1947. He was really intelligent and bright pupil from the starting of his lot calling. He was constantly trace foremost to teach something new. After the divider he starts his survey in Hindu college. In 1952 & A 1954 he got his unmarried man s and maestro s grade. He stands foremost in his whole academic calling. He receives a Wren bury scholarship as good. He finishes his survey from university Oxford in 1962.After receive doctors degree in stinting sciences from Oxford University, he worked for United Nations and after this he began his bureaucratic calling. He works as an adviser in the ministry of foreign trade with Lalit Narayan Mishra. After this he handled so many stations for authorities of India like Chief Economic Advisor ( 1972-76 ) , Governor of modesty bank ( 1982-85 ) and caput of be aftering committee ( 1985-87 ) . In 22 may 2004 He selected as a 13th Prime-Minister of India.Manhohan Singh follows participative and bureaucratic leading manner in his whole calling. He is the in charge of eery action related to development of a state. He takes other thoughts into consideration while puting any measure further towards the development. He follows the regulations and ordinances and ensures that other people follow the regulations and ordinances systematically and accurately. From the starting of his Prime-minister calling he s et up many regulations for the people of India to diminish the payoff and poorness in state and Increase the economic system of state.Muammar Gaddafi was born on 7th June 1942 in Libya. Initially he was swayer of Libyan Arab Republic boulder clay 1977 and so Brother Leader of Libyan Arab Jamahiriya till his last breath. He was considered as an Autocratic leader. He took the Libyan political relations to a new tallness where he delineate ideal bossy manner. He ruled the state with his power for a long period of clip. He closed American and British military bases at a time when he came to power. He expelled Italian colonists in 1970 when he saw western imperialism combating a shitst Arab nations. A batch of similar activities were introduced during his regulation but it made a ostracize impact on the populace of Libya. Peoples neer recognized him as a leader but because of his power cipher took a measure frontward to fence with him. ( 2008 )It is clear that twain the leaders were traveling in a different way. Manmohan Singh was a good educated economic expert and Gaddafi was non qualified. Manmhohan Singh has neer tried to convey his replacements to political relations whereas Gaddafi has used his power to convey his replacements in different professions. Manmohan Singh was premier curate of independent India and got elected with co-operation from political parties. He was working as an employee of the state instead than governing it and any determination made by him was agreed by remainder of the party members. On the other manus, Gaddafi took the state in his custodies and introduced new regulations harmonizing to Arab believes and ideas. He neer took suggestions from anybody and has ever been against western states.In drumhead, even though both the leaders were a batch different from each other in footings of commanding but there were some similarities as good. For the growing of state s economic system Gaddafi introduced new revenue enhancements for oil companies. Manmohan Singh has ever focused on growing of Indian economic system and was an advantage because he worked antecedently as finance curate of India.Change ManagementThe many complications of alteration in administration Begin with human nature. Peoples tend to move habitually and in stable ways over clip. They may non desire to alter even when fortunes get it. In order to maintain them up to day of the month and be acceptable for alteration both the leaders need to utilize kurt lewin theoretical account of alteration direction. There are three phases in that unfreezing, altering, refreezing. Unfreezing is the phase in which a state of affairs is prepared for alteration and felt demands for alteration are developed foremost both have to dissolve the state of affairs. Changing is the stage where a planned alteration really takes topographic request. In this both can set their alteration planning into action. Refreezing is the stage at which alteration is stableness. By ut ilizing these both can measure consequences and give feedback.Benchmarking beatsLeadership is the most of import portion of an administration. Because administration growing depends on leading, it means how leader perform good with their group to derive productiveness and trustful environment which make their concern do good with maximal support. Leadership is the manner of taking others and making function theoretical account for follower to follow as an illustration. Lots of qualities make a leader perfect in leading. There are many qualities that a leader should hold but I am save traveling to discourse few of themCreativity- a leaders should be originative in thoughts to be productive. Creativity makes a individual to believe outside of the box to acquire the coveted consequences. It is the charming wand that helps leaders to accomplish administration end and over get down of barriers.Openness- leader should ever be unfastened to new thoughts and listen other point of position . Openness means making good relation with other by listening their positions and promoting their work. It builds trust and common apprehension among leaders and followings.Dedication- means holding a can make attitude towards the undertaking. Geting undertaking done by utilizing maximal energy, to put an illustration for follower to make the same. Followings ever look up to their leader so it is of import to put an illustration by carry throughing the ends by giving full dedication to the work.Honesty- it makes a individual trusty among others. Leader should be honest to their follower to construct trusting relation with them to accomplish required ends. Because honestness is the outdo policy.Well known to code of Ethics- leader should follow codification of moralss so the follower can besides make the same. Code of moralss is regulations and ordinance that an administration brings for everyone to act ethically harmonizing to the jurisprudence by handling everyone as equal. It keeps the esthesia of make up ones minding what is right and what is incorrect.Keep high standards- it is the duty of leader to maintain high criterions by holding regular meetings. Keep up the morale of the employees by actuating them and by giving them feedback on their public presentation.Collaborative- being cooperative agencies to work in a squad with maximal attempt. Collaborative makes squads productive and come-at-able.Responsibility- it is of import for a leader to understand the duty of the leading to take the squad. A leader should run the administration by organizing effectual and productive squad meetings.Confident- leader should show unity and personal committedness and be convinced(p) to take several determinations. He/she should be confident to take the squad by making friendly environment and should utilize the appropriate decision-making manner for specific issues. If the leader is confident it is easy for him/her to derive trust of others. conference accomplishm ents it is of import for a leader to hold communicating accomplishments to interact with other. Leader must hold the cognition of several civilizations. If a leader deficiency this accomplishment so it will be really hard for leader to take the group. All the qualities in a good leader are useless without this communicating accomplishment.Section 2 self-importance appraisal2.1 benchmarkingCreativity- creativeness is something that relates with thought. I have creativeness in myself for bring forthing thoughts and it is proven because I have completed my applied direction instance survey in which I did believe out of the box to bring forth possible solution to the job.Openness- I ever acquire aroused about group undertaking because it gives us chance to listen other point of position and portion positions with each other. I am a really unfastened individual I ever admire other thoughts and point of position because it lead us to success.Dedication- I ever give my full dedication to the undertaking that has been charge to me for illustration at my workplace they have hebdomadal audit sing public presentation of employees, in that audit I ever score 99 % or 100 % out of 100 % .it shows how much dedicated I am towards my ends.Honesty- in the school times I learn honestness is the best policy and I ever use to follow that in my life. Be honest be dependable so that other can swear you under any fortunes.Well known to code of ethics- codification of moralss is set of regulations and ordinance that each person needs to follow. I follow every regulation at my occupation such as we need to be in professional frock, ever speak in side of meat so that other can besides understand and no 1 can make others time in or time out.Keep high standard- at my work topographic point they ever keep their standard high. Sometime I rate myself by making my ain audit at work so that I can besides understand where I stand. I ever come to college as organized ever have my booklet of notes with me, so that I can execute good while conference or undertaking.Collaborative- I am really collaborative because I perform good in group treatment. creation collaborative agencies deriving cognition through others.Responsibility- I am a responsible individual as I already mention that I ever come prepared to college with my notes. I use take duty if anything goes incorrect.Confident- I am a confident individual because it help us to accomplish our ends and I ever be confident about my work at occupation because I know what I have to make to hit good in audit.Communication skills- it is an of import factor of leading because it helps us to pass on with other whether they belong to different nationality. I am good in pass oning because I like to get word other linguistic communications like in Brazil if we have to state welcome so we have to state oi .This standard demo how I rate myself in relation to these qualities of leading. The evaluation is from 0 to 9, where 9 is highest and 0 is lowest.QualityRatingCreativity5Openness6Dedication7Honesty8Well known to Code of Ethical motives7maintain high criterions8Collaborative7duty5Confident6Communication accomplishments5RationaleI have rate myself harmonizing to where I stands. 0-6 agencies low and mean and I need to better that. 7 9 agencies highest and it shows my attempt. I have shown this evaluation harmonizing to my public presentation at occupation, what I believe, how I perform at work and what I am making in my twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. My creativeness and communicating accomplishments are low and I need to work on it to develop myself harmonizing to the concern state of affairs because sometimes I lack this accomplishments. I need to derive some more confident and openness so that I can accomplish my ends. Dedication, honestness, collaborative makes me execute good in every undertaking.2.2 ContemplationI am discussed above about my strength, failing, chance and menace. Th ese I have found where I am working now. My Manager promotes me as a Supervisor in his company. He told me that he have got trust and have confident about me. What I am wanted from my follower, they do the same thing to make the ends and run into outlooks for administration. I am listening to everybody from my squad, what they want to introduce for new things and if they have got the new thought so I am besides utilise that thought and give wages to the squad to acquire new thoughts.Personal cultural context is a individual s primary beginning of how he or she would organize their individuality. It is a beginning for specifying a individual, look, and the sense of group needed by all worlds. I am belonging to Sikh faith and I have got my cultural things from my parents. In our civilization we respect to everybody and we do non name seniors by their first name.My short term ends are to acquire information about the concern, better the communicating, day-to-day updates in my vocabula ry, and complete the undertakings to acquire the work done. I am larning the concern leading qualities from my instructor and implement these qualities in my existent life. Implement the new leading abstract at work so that I will be a good leader for my followings.My long footings are to set up a concern administration and function the people and community and gain some money from it so that it will be cover up my all life disbursals. Apart of that, I want to besides make side concern in my life. My imagine is to plan Aircraft from my ain custodies and set up large industry for Airlines in New Zealand. What I needs to set up this company is money and that I will be earn from my concern administration.Section 3 Personal Development PlanOpportunitiesThere are following chances that I look in myself. These are as followShort Term OpportunityConfident I need to be confident for whatsoever I want to accomplish. I need to develop myself so that I can accept any alteration and achieve ends. I need to be competitory at all times. I am non afraid of any challenges I truly like when anybody challenges me because it gives me an chance to turn out myself. Barriers will come in my life but I need to hold a possible to confront any challenges in my life.Team participant I want to go more collaborative with others to construct trust and apprehension to confront any challenges with maximal cooperation. Without being collaborative I can non go a good leader and can non accomplish my ends.Productive I am really dedicated individual but I want to developed this ability a small spot more because I am enthusiastic individual and every clip when anybody delegate me any undertaking I give my full attempt to carry through that undertaking. I have high energy degrees that seem to travel on everlastingly and it becomes my passion to accomplish the ends. Being collaborative agencies is besides a really of import leading accomplishment. I am ready to make any sort of attempt to carry through my ends and take my followings as an illustration.RationaleLong term chanceBecome team leader my foreman already offered me a occupation to go team leader in the company. And I am prosecuting this class to carry through my end. I have vision about this occupation when I join this company.Improve English I need to better my English to go a good leader so that my follower can look up to my attempt. Sometimes the quarrel do nt come out in fluently on lips. So I have to work more on communicating accomplishments. Because this end is really indispensable to be accomplishable in concern and in personal life every bit good.Settled down in New Zealand It was my dream to come to New Zealand and settled down in New Zealand. Now I am here in New Zealand, one portion of my dream I s fulfilled and I want remainder will besides come true. But for that I need to work hard and larn the standards of acquiring settled down in New Zealand.RationaleI have chosen these short term and long ter m chance that I need to better in myself for future. I have found the less communicating accomplishments in myself when I talk to another individual. I can non talk the words right so that why I think I need to better these accomplishments to read the newspapers, web sites, better in vocabulary, and talk up in forepart of mirror. I truly have to confident when I start conversation to other individual.It s really tough to be a good rival in my field. But I need to seek a batch to acquire equal cognition. I have seen at work that the two another individual who has a good cognition and the foreman has merely discussed with them. But when the foreman asks me something so I can non reply him decently. indeed I thought I need to acquire deficient information about the work.I have to truly better for short term end every bit good. These ends I am really difficult working in my field. But I need to construct the relationship with people so that I can better my interpersonal accomplishments . Everyone should hold ability to do relation with client and the community. Because of if we need something so they can assist us to do our concern easier and best.I want to be aggressive in my field. I found some troubles at my work. Some of the other staff inquiring me interrogative and sometimes they want to be portion their thoughts with me but all the clip I ignored to them. So I need to go more self-asserting so that I can assist them and go a good leader.Once I have stuck some hard state of affairs at occupation. One twenty-four hours I have really tired and experiencing failing and my public presentation was cut downing to some extent. When my director reexamine me and he said your hebdomadal public presentation has go down. So in that country I need to better my strength and be a difficult worker all the clip.I had desire to go a GM in any administration after the Business Management class. This is my long term end and I have to finish it within the clip. I need to be mo re qualitative and confident to go portion of good direction. I have to travel through the any stuff that I need to utilize for a General Manager.SchemesI want to utilize the scheme to develop my communicating accomplishments. First I will enter my voice on a digital recording equipment and play back to hear what I merely said. Determine whether my sound confident and assured and I understood what I merely said. Be willing to listen to what others have to state in all environments at work, at school and with my friends.I want to hold good and right attitude when making conversation to others. Because good attitude can take me farther where I want to travel otherwise people can disregard me. I want to be a punctual in my life.To go a good rival I need to be go through every acquisition stuff that better my accomplishments in future. This can be acquiring by to read the books and travel to the cyberspace. Everything I can happen in the Google. There are assorted techniques to utilize these accomplishments in concern.TimeframeI have set the clip to better these accomplishments for my hereafter. I have set all the short clip end and long term ends that I need to utilize in the hereafter. I need to be 1 twelvemonth clip ( 1/09/2013 ) to better my all accomplishments including short term programs. This can merely be done by me to utilize the assorted methods. Long term programs need the 4 old ages by ( 1/09/2017 ) clip so that I can larn everything including short term ends.In the one twelvemonth, I have to better my accomplishments and short term ends to travel further in future and set the long term ends. I need four old ages to put up my concern and so I will travel for farther to put the short term and long term ends after acquire these ends. This manner I can carry through my dreams.I need to implement the scheme to develop my accomplishments for following four months. For this I have select the day of the month ( 5/05/2013 ) . This scheme I can be composing a nd implement boulder clay this day of the month. After that I can make on these short term and long term ends.MeasuresI can measure these aims when I have got the cognition about everything and I have prepare for everything that I need to travel farther and put concern in future. Skills I can mensurate it from if I will confident to make something because the individual who have accomplishments and he have the cognition about everything so he is the confident to make anything because he knows all the things what and where can it happens.The 2nd I can mensurate it from the society, if I have the good communicating accomplishments and have can make attitude instead than the other people so I can calculate that I achieved my aims that I need to utilize in the hereafter.ResourcingHarmonizing to my short term ends and long term ends and the accomplishments and aims that I need to carry through these ends. I need the cyberspace resource so that I can travel everything to larn and acquire equal and progress cognition. Google and Wikipedia sites have everything that I can assist and larn easy my accomplishments and aims. I can establish the study online and give paper online to vie myself to the whole universe.I need the supplying from my company. I can acquire aid from my leader to better these accomplishments and ends. My director can give me the preparation about the leading from where I work now. I can acquire assorted cognition from my squad members and followings. I want to travel through with the unbidden work.I need to read through the books, magazines and newspapers. Everything has reference in the newspaper and we can larn from our politician. I can besides better these things from Television. Because Television has run assorted channel like find and other channels so I can acquire my cognition from these channels.Section4 MentionsSection5 Appendix

Parenting Teenage Boys and Education

Keeping your cool and staying firm without letting your guard down.Do we each know how to keep our cool at the moment of a disappointment with our teenage boy? Parenting Teenage boys can be a hell of a rollercoaster ride what matters most is the foundation you lay out for them when they are young.Being a role model speaks volume. Communication is the key element to connect with your teen. Parenting is a challenging task, but with the proper guidance and understanding parents can raise their sons to be their best and to succeed. Therefore parents who refrain from corporal punishment seem to perplex a more positive outcome and are more successful in being able to get their Teen to focus on their teaching and e actually aspect of their life.Development Making your teen aware of the changes in his body, the knowledge on sex, alcohol, drugs and weapons.Connecting Learning how to communicate with your teen and their emotions.Educational attitude Schooling them on the importance of educa tion and the impact it has on their lives.Boundaries Teaching them about consequences. Identifying core values Knowing what makes them valuable and making them aware of it.It requires us as adults to be good role models and be the best example for them in all aspects of their life from beginning to end. This includes when they begin their development as adolescents and begin the early stages of pubescence and start having a desire for sex, and talking to them about alcohol and the danger of drugs and weapons. Connecting with your Teen allows you to be able to communicate and connect with what they are feeling.Also it is very important that we understand the attitude that they occupy about Education and help them understand the impact it can have in their lives. Also putting boundaries to submit them that crossing that line has consequences. Also being able to identify their core values will help the process. As a parent sometimes you have to walk the talk.Unfortunately some paren ts use corporal punishment while others completely abstain from such due to their beliefs and morality of the situation. As for me and in my public opinion and experience I find that corporal punishment does not work for me due to my upbringing in which I never agreed. I feel that effect does not resolve anything and will only result in negative behavior coming from your Teen.This includes them rebelling towards you in many ways, not sleeping well, not take in well, not focusing in school and affecting their surroundings in general.

In many ways the ideas in this dystopian novel are more important than the characters – with the exception of Offred and Moira

In many ways the ideas in this dystopian story atomic number 18 more important than the calibres with the exception of Offred and Moira. The incompatible characters tend to function as members of throngs or as representatives of certain ideological positions. However, as Offred insists, e really individual is significant, whatever Gilead decrees, and her narrative weaves in particularities she continually writes in other voices in sections of dialogue, in embedded stories and in remembered episodes. It is a feature of Atwoods realism, even within a fabricated futuristic world, that she pays dose solicitude non except to location but to people and relationships.OFFREDOffred, the main protagonist and vote counter, is trapped in Gilead as a Handmaid, one of the two-legged wombs valued only for her potential as a surrogate catch. Denied all her individual rights, she is known only by the patronymic Of-Fred, derived from the name of her current air force officer. to the highe st degree of the time she is isolated and afraid. Virtually immure in the domestic spaces of the home, she is allowed protrude only with a shopping partner and for Handmaids official excursions equivalent Prayvaganzas and Salvagings. At the age of thirty-three and potentially let off fertile, she is a victim of Gileadean s live on ideology which equates male with power and sexual potency, and female with reproduction and submission to the point where individuality is effaced.Offreds narrative, however, does not possess such diagrammatic simplicity, for she resists such reductiveness by a variety of stratagems that allow her to retain a sense of her own individuality and psychological freedom. She refuses to forget her ult or her own name when she was a daughter, lover, wife and working mother she refuses to believe in biological reductionism and she refuses to give up hope of getting out of her present situation. She knows what she needs to pay attention to What I need is per spective. The illusion of depth Otherwise you live in the moment. Which is not where I want to be (Chapter 24).Offreds greatest psychological resource is her faculty of treble vision, for she is a survivor from the past, and it is her power to remember which enables her to survive in the present. It is not only through flashbacks that she reconstructs the past (though these be her or so effective es cape routes from isolation, loneliness and boredom), but even when she walks bring down the road she come overs everything through a double exposure, with the past superimposed upon the present, or to use her own layered image from Chapter 1, as a palimpsest where the past gives depth to the present. She has perfected the technique of simultaneously inhabiting two spaces her Handmaids space (or lack of it) and the freer, happier spaces of memory.Though she is forbidden to use her own name, she keeps it like a buried treasure, as guarantee of her other identity (I keep the knowledg e of this name like nighthing hidden, some treasure Ill come back to excavation up, one day Chapter 14). She gives her real name as a love token to ding, and he in turn uses it as an exchange of faith when he comes for her with the black truck (He calls me by my real name. Why should this mean anything? Chapter 46). Offred does not trust the reader with her real name, however, which is a sign of her wariness in a precarious situation, though at that place is a fascinating essay by a Canadian critic, Constance Rooke, which argues that it is coded into the text and that Offreds real name is June.What is most cute about Offred is her lively responsiveness to the world around her. She is sharply observant of physical details in her surroundings, she is curious and likes to explore, and she has a very lyrical reception to the air force officers wifes beautiful garden. She observes its seasonal changes deathly, for that garden represents for her all the natural fecundity and beau ty that ar denied by the regime but which flourish unchecked outside the window.It is in any case a silent testimonial to her own resistance There is something subversive about this garden of Serenas, a sense of buried things bursting upwards, wordlessly, into the light (Chapter 25). Her response to the moonlight is every bit imaginative, though noticeably tinged with irony, which is one of her most distinctive characteristics a wishing moon, a sliver of ancient rock, a goddess, a wink. The moon is a tilt and the sky is full of deadly hardware, but A God, how beautiful anyway (Chapter 17).Offred consistently refuses to be bamboozled by the rhetoric of Gilead, for she believes in the principle of making distinctions betwixt things and in the precise use of words, just as she continues to believe in the value of every individual. Of the men in her life she says Each one remains unique, there is no way of joining them together. They cannot be exchanged, one for the other. They cann ot replace each other (Chapter 30).It is this sharpness of mind which informs her wittily critical view of her present situation, as in the satisfaction she gets out of teasing the young guard at the gate. I enjoy the power power of a dog bone, passive but there (Chapter 4). Her stance is discreetly subversive but never openly rebellious. She watches for those moments of instability which she calls tiny peepholes when human responses break through official surfaces. Offred is mischievous, but, more seriously, she yearns for communication and trust between people instead of mutual suspicion and isolation. Ironically enough, her fullest human relationship in Gilead is her ,arrangement with the Commander.This provides her with a forbidden oasis, for it is in their Scrabble games that Offred is at her liveliest and hermost conventionally feminine. In his study, Offred and the Commander relate to each other by old familiar social and sexual codes, which alleviates the loneliness both fe el. It is after her first evening that Offred does something she has never done forwards in the novel she laughs out loud, partly at the absurdity of it all, but partly out of a reawakening of her own high spirits. provided she is too intelligent ever to forget that it is only a game or a replay of the past in parodic form, and her outing to Jezebels confirms this. For all its glitter, her imperial sequined barde, like the evening, is a shabby masquerade, and in the clear light of day she is left sitting with a handful of crumpled stars in her solve (Chapter 46).Living in a terrorist state, Offred is always alert to the glint of danger, as in her first unexpected encounter with Nick in the dark where headache and sexual risk exert a powerful charge which runs through the novel to its end. Their love represents the forbidden combination of desire and rebellion, and it is through that relationship that Offred manages to break new hope for the future and even to accommodate hers elf to reduced circumstances in the present, like a pioneer who has given up the Old arena and come to the wilderness of a new one I said, I have made a life for myself, here, of a sort. That must have been what the settlers wives aspect (Chapter 41).Offred shows through her detailed psychological narrative how she can survive traumas of loss and bereavement and how she manages to elude the constraints of absolute imprimatur. We know circumstantial about her physical appearance because the only time she ever mentions it is when she is at her most bizarre, in her red habit with her white winged cap or in her purple sequined costume at Jezebels. But we know a great deal about her mind and feelings and her sense of wry humour. We too know that she is a highly selfconscious narrator and that she is aware of contradictions and failings within herself She knows that she lacks Moiras flamboyant braveness, and she accuses herself of cowardice and unreliability, just as at the end she feels guilty for having betrayed the household who imprisoned her. Yet, despite her own self-doubts, Offred manages to convince us of her integrity. She survives with dignity and she embraces the possibility of her escape with hope. Her narrative remains a witness to the freedom and resilience of the human spirit.Offred and Moira are the two main examples of feminist positions in the novel (unlike the older women Serena Joy and the Aunts). Yet they are very different from each other, for Offreds resistance always works surreptitiously and through compromise, whereas Moira is more confrontational. Offred represents Atwoods random variable of a moderate heterosexual feminism in contrast to Moiras separatist feminism.MOIRAMoira, always known by her own name because she never becomes a Handmaid, is strongly individual, although she is also a type of the female rebel. This is a position which can be viewed in two ways, and both of them are illustrated here. From Offreds point of view M oira is the frame of female heroism, though from the Gileadean authorities point of view she is a loose woman, a criminal element, and her story follows the conventional fictional precedent of such rebellious figures when Offred terminal sees her she is working as a prostitute in Jezebels. Even here, Moira manages to express her dissidence, for she remains a declared lesbian and her costume is a deliberate scoffing of feminine sexual allure, as Offred notices when she meets her again on her night out with the Commander. Moiras own wryly comic comment on it is, I guess they thought it was me (Chapter 38).Moira, too, is a survivor of the American permissive society, a trendy college student who wears purple overalls and leaves her unfinished paper on Date Rape to go for a beer. some(prenominal) more astute about sexual politics than Offred, she is an activist in the Gay Rights movement, working for a womens collective at the time of the Gilead coup. When she is brought into the R achel and Leah Centre she is still wearing jeans and declares that the place is a loony bin (Chapter 13). She cannot be terrorised into even outward conformity-, instead she tries to escape and succeeds on her second attempt. She manages to escape disguised as an Aunt. incessantly funny and ironic, to the other women at the Centre she represents all that they would like to do but would not dare Moira was our fantasy. We hugged her to us, she was with us in secret, a giggle she was lava on a lower floor the crust of daily life. In the light of Moira, the Aunts were less fearsome and more absurd (Chapter 22).Moira continues to surface in Offreds narrative, bobbing up in memory, until her devastatingly fimny final appearance at Jezebels. crapper the comedy, however, is the fact that Moira has not managed to escape after all, and as an unregenerate has been consigned to the brothel, where she tells Offred that she has three or four good years ahead of her, drinkingand smoking as a Jez ebel hostess, to begin with she is sent to the Colonies. Our last view of Moira is on that evening Id like her to end with something daring and spectacular, some outrage, something that would befit her. But as far as I know that didnt happen (Chapter 38).Moira is one of the spirited feminist heroines, like Offreds mother and Offreds predecessor in the Commanders house who left the communicate scrawled in the closet. The sad fact is these women do get sent off to the Colonies or commit suicide, which Offred herself refuses to do. Offred and Moira are both feminist heroines, showing womens energetic resistance to the Gilead system, but there are no winners. Neither compromise nor rebellion wins freedom, though it is likely that Offred is rescued by Nick. However, their value lies in their oratory out against the imposition of silence, challenging tyranny and oppression. Their stories suck up the actions of two individual women whose very different private assertions become exempla ry or symbolic. Their voices survive as images of hope and defiance to be vindicated by history.SERENA JOYSerena Joy, the Commanders Wife, is the most powerful female presence in Offreds daily life in Gilead, and as Offred has plenty of opportunity to observe her at close quarters she appears in the narrative as more than just a member of a class in the hierarchy of Gileadean women. As an elderly childless woman she has to agree to the grotesque system of polygamy practised in Gilead and to shelter a Handmaid in her home, but it is plain that she resents this arrangement keenly as a violation of her marriage, and a continual reminder of her own crippled condition and fading feminine charms. The irony of the situation is made clear when Offred remembers Serena Joys past history, first as a child singing star on a gospel television show, and later as a media personality speaking up for ultra-conservative domestic policies and the sanctity of the home. Now, as Offred maliciously remark s, Serena is trapped in the very ideology on which she had based her popularity She stays in her home, but it doesnt attend to agree with her (Chapter 8).Serenas present life is a parody of the Virtuous Woman her only place of power is her own living direction, she is estranged from her husband, jealous of her Handmaid, and has naught to do except knit scarves for soldiers and gossip with her cronies or listen to her young voice on the gramophone. The only space for Serenas self-expression is her garden, and even that she cannot tend without the help of her husbands chauffeur. If flowers are important to Offred, so are they too to Serena, and she often sits alone in her subversive garden, knitting or smoking.To see the world from Serenas perspective is to shift the fury of Offreds narrative, for these two women might be seen not as opposites but as doubles. They both want a child, and the attention of them both focuses on the Commander of whom Serena is very possessive As for my husband, she said, hes just that. My husband. I want that to be perfectly clear. Till death do us part. Its final (Chapter 3).Offred seldom knows what Serena is thinking, though there are indications of her attitudes and tastes in the jewels and the perfume she wears and in the furnishings of her house hard lust for quality, soft sentimental cravings as Offred uncharitably puts it (Chapter 14). There is also evidence of a certain biliousness in Serenas cigarette-smoking and her use of slang, not to mention her suggestion that Offred, unknown to the Commander, should sleep with Nick in order to conceive the child she is supposed to produce Shes in truth smiling, coquettishly even theres a hint of her former small-screen mannequins allure, flickering over her face like momentary static (Chapter 31). But Serena has her revenges too she has deliberately withheld from Offred the news of her dis say daughter and her photograph which Offred has been longing for.By a curious twist, Seren a occupies the role of the wife in a very conventional plot about married infidelity, as well as in the privileged Gileadean sense. She is one of the points in the triangular relationship which break aways between Offred and the Commander The fact is that Im his mistress Sometimes I think she knows (Chapter 26). Actually, she does not know until she finds the purple costume and the lipstick on her cloak. It is a clich6-like situation, but Serenas own pain of loss goes beyond this conventional pattern Behind my back, she says. You could have left me something. Offred wonders, Does she love him, after all? (Chapter 45).Serena is still there in her house, standing anxiously beside the Commander at the end as Offred is led out through the door. Her farewell to Offred is wifely in an old-fashioned sense which has none of the pieties of Gilead Bitch, she says. After all he did for you (Chapter 46).THE OTHER COMMANDERS WIVESThese merely exist as a gaggle of gossips in sombre, for Offr ed knows nothing of their lives apart from overhearing snatches of their conversation at Birth daytimes, Prayvaganzas or social visits, when they make scandalous comments about their Handmaids. simply the Wife of Warren achieves a moment of grotesque individuality when she is seen sitting on the Birth Stool behind Janine, wearing white cotton socks, and chamber slippers, docile ones made of fuzzy material, like toilet-seat covers (Chapter 21). There is also one other unfortunate Wife who is hanged at the Salvaging, but Offred does not know what her aversion was. Was it murder? Was it adultery? It could always be that. Or attempted escape (Chapter 42).THE AUNTS wish well the Wives, the Marthas, the Econowives and most of the Handmaids, these are presented as members of a class or group, every group representing a different female role within Gilead. With their names derived from preGileadean womens products, the Aunts are the older women who act as female collaborators on the or ders of the patriarchy to train and legal philosophy Handmaids. They are a paramilitary organisation, as is signified by their khaki equivalents and their cattle prods, and, as propagandists of the regime, they tell distorted tales of womens lives in the pre-Gileadean past. The villainesses of the novel, they are responsible for the most gruesome cruelties, like the female Salvagings and the Particicutions, as well as for individual punishments at the Rachel and Leah Centre.Only Aunt Lydia is individuated, and that is by her peculiar viciousness masquerading at a lower place a genteel feminine exterior Aunt Lydia thought she was very good at feeling f6r other people (Chapter 8). A particularly sadistic tormentor, Aunt Lydia is an shocking warning that a womens culture is no guarantee of sisterhood as Offreds mothers generation of feminists had optimistically assumed, but that it is also necessary to take account of some womens pathological inclinations towards violence and vindic tiveness.OFGLEN AND OFWARRENOnly two of the Handmaids, Ofglen and Ofwarren Ganine), emerge as individuals, one because of her courage and rebelliousness and the other because she is the conventional female victim figure. Both are casualties of the Gileadean system.Ofglen has no past life that Offred knows about, but she does have a secret life as a member of the Mayday resistance movement which she confides to Offred after weeks as her shopping partner. There is nothing exceptional about her appearance except her mechanical quality which Offred notices, as if shes voice- activated, as if shes on little oiled wheels (Chapter 8). Offred is proved right in her suspicions, for under the disguise of Handmaid, Ofglen is a sturdy resistance fighter. She identifies the alleged rapist as one of ours and knocks him out before the horrible Particicution begins. She also dies as a fighter, preferring to commit suicide when she sees the black truck coming rather than betray her friends under to rture. Offred learns this from her replacement, the new, treacherous Ofglen, who whispers the news to her on their shopping expedition.Janine is a female victim in both her lives before Gilead when she worked as a waitress and was raped by a gang of thugs, then as a Handmaid. At the Rachel and Leah Centre she is a craven figure on the edge of nervous collapse, and consequently one of Aunt Lydias pets. Though she has her moment of triumph as the vastly pregnant Handmaid Ofwarren in Chapter 5, she is also a victim of the system with which she has tried so hard to curry favour. Even at the Birth Day she is neglected as soon as the baby is born and left crying helplessly, burnt-out miserable tears when her baby is taken away and given to the Wife (Chapter 21). There is no reward for Janine. Her baby is declared an Unbaby and destroyed because it is deformed Janine becomes a pale shadow overwhelmed with guilt finally, after the Particicution, when Offred sees her again, she has slipped o ver into madness.OFFREDS MOTHEROffreds mother and her life belong to the history of feminism which is being recorded in this novel, for she joined the Womens Liberation Movement of the 1960s and 1970s, campaigning for womens sexual and social freedom. As an older woman she continued to be a political activist, and at the time of the Gileadean take-over she disappeared. Only much later does Offred learn that she has been condemned as an Unwoman and sent to the Colonies.Like Moira, and possessing the same kind of energy, Offreds mother resists classification. In an odd way she even resists being dead, for she makes two startling appearances in the present, both times on celluloid at the Rachel and Leah Centre. On one occasion Offred is shocked to see her as a young woman marching toward her in a pro-abortion march, and later Moira reports sightedness her as an old woman working as buckle down labour in the Colonies.Offreds mother is, however, more than a feminist icon. She haunts h er daughters memory, and gradually Offred comes to understand her mothers liberty of mind and to admire her courage. Her mother is evoked in a series of kaleidoscopic images at a feminist pornographic book burning (Chapter 7), with a bruised face after an abortion riot (Chapter 28), and as an elderly woman proudly defending her position as a single parent to Offreds husband, magical spell accusing her daughter of naivet6 and political irresponsibility. It is her jaunty language which Offred remembers as distinguishing her motherA man is just a womans strategy for making other women. not that your become wasnt a nice guy and all, but he wasnt up to fatherhood. Not that I expected it of him. Just do the job, then you can superoxide dismutase off, 1 said, I make a decent salary, I can afford daycare. So he went to the coast and sent Christmas cards. He had beautiful blue eyes though. (Chapter 20)An embarrassing but heroic figure, this is the woman whom her daughter misses when it i s all too late, though Offred continues her dialogue with her mother in her own mind as a way of keeping her alive Mother, I think. Wherever you may be. Can you hear me? You wanted a womens culture. Well, now there is one. It isnt what you meant, but it exists. Be thankful for small mercies (Chapter 21).Finally Offred tries to lay her mother to rest, but without success Ive mourned for her already. But I will do it again, and again (Chapter 39).Deprived of the freedoms which her mother fought for, Offred learns to admire her mothers courage and to value her memory as a vital link with her own woolly-headed identity. Her elegy to her mother underlines the thematic motif of Missing Persons, and particularly lost mothers and daughters, which runs through the novel.MALE CHARACTERSThe few male characters in this novel seem little more than functionaries of the elderly state or functional to the workings of the plot. Most of them have no names but only group identities like Angels or Ey es or the doctor, while Professor Pieixoto is a satirical sketch of a male academic. Only three male characters are given any individuating characteristics. They are Offreds Commander, her lover Nick, and her absent, vanished husband Luke.THE COMMANDERThe Commander is the most powerful authority figure in Offreds world. He is a high-ranking government official, and he is head of the household to which Offred is assigned. It is his first name which she takes, though whether as a slave or as a parody of the marriage service is never made clear. Yet he is an ambiguous figure, substantial but shadowy, whose motivations, like his charge in Gilead, remain unclear to Offred even in the Historical Notes his identity remains uncertain. As a Commander he wears a black supply and is driven in a prestige car, a Whirlwind. He is an elderly man with straight neatly brushed silver hair and a moustache and blue eyes.He is slightly stooped and his manner is mild (Chapter 15). As Offred observes hi m with his gold-rimmed glasses on his nose reading from the Bible before the monthly Ceremony, she thinks he looks like a midwestern bank president, an astute judgement, as he tells her much later that before Gilead he was in market research (Chapter 29). The image he presents is that of male power, isolated and benignly indifferent to domestic matters, which include his Wife and his Handmaid. This is, however, not simply true, for Offred has seen him earlier on the day of the Ceremony, a figure lurking in the shadows outside her room, who tried to peer at her as she passed Something has been shown to me, but what is it? (Chapter 8).It is only after the official Ceremony, performed by the Commander in full dress uniform and with his eyes shut, that Offred has the chance to get to know him a little and his stereotypical male power image begins to break down. It is he who asks her to visit him after hours in his study, for he is a lonely man who desires friendship and intimacy with h is Handmaid and not the serviceable monthly sex for which she has been allocated to him. In his Bluebeards chamber, what he has to offer is not kinky sex but Scrabble games and an appearance of normal life, with conversation and books and magazines, all of which he knows are forbidden to Handmaids. On his own private territory the Commander is an old-fashioned gentleman with an attractive sheepish smile, who treats Offred in a genially patronising way and gradually becomes quite fond of her. In fact he is positively daddyish (Chapter 29). He seems to have the ability to compartmentalise his life (in a way that Offred cannot manage) so that he can separate her official role as sexual slave from her unofficial role as his companion. In many ways the Commanders motives and needs remain obscure to Offred, though they do manage to develop an amiable relationship, which from one point of view is bizarre and from another is entirely banal The fact is that Im his mistress (Chapter 26).Yet t heir relationship is still a game of sexual power politics in which the Commander holds most of the cards, as Offred never allows herself to forget. For all his gallantry, he remains totally trapped in traditional patriarchal assumptions, believing that these are Natures norm (Chapter 34) and allow exploitation of women, as his comments and conduct at Jezebels suggest. Their private sexual encounter there ends in futility and bathos and is strongly contrasted with Offreds meeting with Nick later that same evening. As she leaves his house for the last time, Offred sees the Commander standing at the living-room door, looking old, worried and helpless. Possibly he is expecting his own downfall, for aught is invulnerable in Gilead. Offred has her revenge, for the balance of power between them has shifted Possibly he will be a security risk, now. I am above him, looking down he is shrinking (Chapter 46).The academics go to some trouble later to establish the Commanders identity he may have been Frederick R. Waterford or B. Frederick Judd. Waterford, it is revealed, had a background in market research (which seems most likely), while the more sinister Judd was a military strategist who worked for the CIA. Both of them met their ends, probably soon after the events our author describes. scratchNick is presented as the central figure of Offreds romantic fantasy, for he is the mysterious dark stranger who is her rescuer through love. He also hasa place in her real world, of course, as the Commanders chauffeur and the Commanders Wifes gardener. He has a French face, lean, whimsical, all planes and angles, with creases around the mouth where he smiles (Chapter 4) and a general air of irreverence, wearing his cap at a jaunty angle, whistling while he polishes the car, and winking at Offred the first day he sees her. At the household prayers he presses his find fault against hers, and she feels a surge of sensual warmth which she dare not acknowledge. In the daytime he is rather a comic figure but at night he is transformed into Offreds romantic lover, the embodiment of sexual desire. This transformation is made all the more piquant because he is always acting under orders, either as the Commanders messenger or as the lover chosen for Offred by the Commanders Wife.From their first unexpected encounter in the dark living room (Chapter 17) theirs is a silent exchange which carries an unmistakable erotic charge. It is Nicles hands which make his declaration His fingers move, feeling my arm under the night-gown sleeve, as if his hand wont listen to reason. Its so good, to be touched by someone, to be felt so greedily, to feel so greedy (Chapter 17).As a subordinate, Nick, like Offred, has to remain passive until ordered by the Commanders Wife to go to bed with Offred. On that occasion his attitude is not directly described but veiled by Offreds three different versions of that meeting. Certainly she falls in love with him, and in defiance of danger sh e returns many times to his room across the dark lawn on her own. Towards the end, she tells him that she is pregnant. Nevertheless, her description of their love-making is revelatory rather than explicitly erotic, and Nick tends to remain a mysterious figure.Even at the end when he appears with the Eyes to take her away, Offred really knows so little about him that she almost accuses him of having betrayed her, until he calls her by her real name and begs her to trust him. Ever elusive, he is the only member of the household not there to see her depart. We want to believe that Nick was in love with Offred, and we must assume from the Historical Notes that he did rescue her and that he was a member of Mayday resistance. However, as a character he is very lightly sketched and it is his function as romantic lover which is most significant.LUKELuke, Offreds husband, is one of the Missing Persons in this novel. Probably dead before the narrative begins, he haunts Offreds memory until h e fades like a ghost as her love affair with Nick develops. He is the one person Offred leaves out when she tells the story of her past life to Nick (Chapter 41), though she is still worrying about him at the end (Chapter 44).He is also the most fragmented character in the text, appearing briefly as a name in Chapter 2, and then gradually taking on an identity as Offreds lover, husband and the father of her child. He is a figure whose life story stopped for Offred at a traumatic point in the past Stopped dead in time, in mid-air, among the trees back there, in the act of falling (Chapter 35). Through her reconstruction Luke appears as a late twentieth-century liberated man, full of courage and humour and remembered by Offred entirely in his domestic relations with her.He is an older man who has been married before, so that there is an ironic parallel drawn between him and the Commander. Offred remembers their affair when she goes with the Commander to Jezebels, for it is the hotel w here she and Luke used to go (Chapter 37). She retains the memory of a strong loving partner, and her detailed recollections are of Luke cooking and joking with her mother, of lying in bed with her before their daughter was born, of collecting their daughter from school. We never know what Lukes job was, but Offred recalls his supportive behaviour when she lost her job at the time of the Gileadean take-over and her resentment against him for being a man (Chapter 28).Luke figures insistently in Offreds recurring nightmare of their failed escape attempt, not only in that final image of him lying shot face down in the snow, but also in her recollections of his careful preparations and his coolly courageous attempt to take his family to freedom over the Canadian border. His afterlife in the novel is very much the result of Offreds anxieties about what might have happened to him. Is he dead, or in prison? Did he escape? Will he throw her a message and help her to escape back into their old family life? Its this message, which may never arrive, that keeps me alive. I believe in the message (Chapter 18). It is also her hope of this message which keeps the image of Luke alive. The anxieties we may feel for his fate are projections of Offreds own.